Genesis of the Genitive of Negation in Balto-Slavic and Its Evidence in Contemporary Slovenian

Authors

  • Žiga Pirnat University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts

Abstract

Genitive of negation is a Balto-Slavic syntactic rule that governs the transformation of accusative complements of transitive verbs or subjects of existential constructions in positive sentences to genitive complements in negative sentences. At present, this change is mandatory in Slovenian, Polish, and Lithuanian. In Russian, it is optional, while in other Slavic languages and Latvian, it is either considered archaic or extinct. The origin of the genitive of negation is usually derived from the ablative or partitive genitive case. The article advocates the latter and presents a model that derives the Balto-Slavic genitive of negation from the partitive genitive, which at a certain point acquired an emphatic meaning. According to the results of our empirical research, the original emphatic markedness of the genitive of negation is genetically and/or typologically reflected in contemporary colloquial Slovenian.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adamovič, J. et al. 1975. Сучасная беларуская літаратурная мова: Марфалогія. Minsk: Vyšejšaja škola.

Bailyn, John F. 2003. Genitive of Negation is Obligatory. Retrieved September 24, 2014, from http://www.sinc.sunysb.edu/Clubs/nels/jbailyn/JFBgenNegOblig.pdf

Balode, Laimute, and Axel Holvoet. 2001. The Latvian Language and Its Dialects. In CircumBaltic Languages. Volume I: Past and Present, ed. by Östen Dahl, and Maria KoptjevskajaTamm, 3–40. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Belić, Aleksandar. 1950. Istorija srpskohrvatskog jezika. Knj. 2, sv. 1, Reči sa deklinacijom. Predavanja Aleksandra Belića. Belgrade: Naučna knjiga.

Błaszczak, Joanna. 2001. Investigation into the Interaction between the Indefinites and Negation. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Bohorič, Adam. 1987/1584. Arcticae horulae succisivae: Zimske urice proste. Maribor: Obzorja.

Borschev, Vladimir, and Barbara H. Partee. 1998. Formal and lexical semantics and the genitive in negated existential sentences in Russian. In Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 6: The Connecticut Meeting 1997, ed. by Željko Bošković, Steven Franks, and William Snyder, 75–96. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications.

Božič, Ana, Nataša Komac, Petra Tomažin, and Tina Verovnik. 1998. Rodilnik in tožilnik v zanikanju. Blapis: časopis študentov jezikoslovja na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani 2(2): 2–10.

Campbell, Lyle. 1997. Typological and Areal Issues in Reconstruction. In Linguistic Reconstruction and Typology, ed. by Jacek Fisiak, 49–72. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Chlupíková, Katarína. 2011. Priamy predmet v litovčine v porovnaní so slovenčinou. Bakalárska diplomová práca. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta. Retrieved October 30, 2014, from http://is.muni.cz/th/342306/ff_b/bakalarska_praca.txt

Collopy, Erin M. 1998. A Quantitative and Lexical Analysis of Genitive/Accusative Variation in Russian. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Seattle: University of Washington.

Cvetko Orešnik, Varja. 1998. K metodologiji preučevanja baltoslovansko-indoiranskih jezikovnih odnosov. Prvi del. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU.

Endzelin, Jānis. 1944. Altpreussische Grammatik. Riga: Verlag Latvju Grāmata.

Freising Manuscripts: Digital Edition. 2007. Ed. by Matija Ogrin. Retrieved December 27, 2014, from http://nl.ijs.si/e-zrc/bs/index-en.html

Gāters, Alfrēds. 1993. Lettische Syntax: die Dainas. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.

Gortan-Premk, Darinka. 1961. Padež objekta u negativnim rečenicama u savremenom srpskohrvatskom književnom jeziku. Naš jezik, Nova serija 12: 130–148.

Guiraud-Weber, Marguerite. 2003. Еще раз о русском генитиве отрицания: взгляд со стороны. Russian Linguistics 27(3): 401–408.

Hrovat, Ladislav. 1862. Slovenski genitiv. Programm des kaiserl. königl. Gymnasiums zu Neustadtl am Schlusse des Schuljahres 1862. Ljubljana: Ign. v. Kleinmayr and Fedor Bamberg.

Ilʹčenko, Olga. 2010. Genitivus negationis в славянских языках: к проблеме генезиса приглагольного родительного падежа. In IV Международный конгресс исследователей русского языка »Русский язык: исторические судьбы и современность«, 62–63. Moscow: MGU.

Ilc, Gašper. 2008. O zanikanju in nikalnici v slovenščini. Jezik in slovstvo 53(2): 65–79.

Ilc, Gašper. 2009. Optionality of the Genitive (of Negation) in Slovene. Retrieved November 7, 2014, from http://www.uni-potsdam.de/fdsl_8/abstracts/gasper.pdf

Ivšić, Stjepan. 1970. Slavenska poredbena gramatika. Zagreb: Školska knjiga.

Jonke, Ljudevit. 1952. Nekoliko kraćih odgovora. Jezik: časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga književnog jezika 1(4): 123–124.

Kagan, Olga. 2007. Property-Denoting NPs and Non-Canonical Genitive Case. In Proceedings from Semantic and Linguistic Theory XVII, ed. by Tova Friedman, and Masayuki Gibson, 148–165. Ithaca: Cornell University.

Kagan, Olga. 2010. Genitive objects, existence and individuation. Russian Linguistics 34(1): 17–39.

Kamp, Andreas. 2006. Der Genitiv der Verneinung im Slavischen und Baltischen. In Studia Philologica Slavica. Festschrift für Gerhard Birkfellner zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet von Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern, ed. by Bernhard Symanzik, 267–276. Berlin: LIT Verlag.

Kaučič-Baša, Majda. 1982. Rodilnik zanikanja. Slavistična revija 30(1–4): 305–321.

Kiparsky, Paul. 1998. Partitive Case and Aspect. Retrieved December 7, 2014, from http://web.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/wuppertal.pdf

Korn, David. 1967. Genitive or Accusative after Negation in Russian. The Slavic and East European Journal 11(4): 442–449.

Krasovitsky, Alexander, Matthew Baerman, Dunstan Brown, and Greville G. Corbett. 2011. Changing semantic factors in case selection: Russian evidence from the last two centuries. Morphology 21(3–4): 573–592.

Kulikov, Leonid. 2006. Case Systems in a Diachronic Perspective. In Case, Valency and Transivity, ed. by Leonid Kulikov, Andrej Malchukov, and Peter de Swart, 23–48. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

Leisio, Larisa. 2004. Russian Case Forms Used by Finns of Russian-Speaking Descent. Virittaja 108(2): 162–199.

Lukašanec, Aljaksandr, Mikalaj Prigodzič, and Lidzija Sjameška. 1998. Belaruskaja mova. Opole: Uniwersytet Opolski – Instytut Filologii Polskiej.

Malcius Bulota, Vilia. 1980. Changes in the Usage of the Genitive Case in Lithuanian. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Montreal: McGill University.

Mathiassen, Terje. 1996. A Short Grammar of Lithuanian. Columbus: Slavica Publishers.

Meillet, Antoine. 1897. Recherches sur l’emploi du génitif-accusatif en vieux-slave. Paris: Ministère de l’instruction publique.

Menac, Antica. 1979. Slavenski genitiv u suvremenom hrvatskom književnom jeziku. Jezik: časopis za kulturu hrvatskoga književnog jezika 26(3): 65–76.

Merše, Majda. 2000. Primerjava glagolov pri slovenskih protestantskih piscih in Svetokriškem. In Zbornik o Janezu Svetokriškem, ed. by Jože Pogačnik, and Jože Faganel, 209–227. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU.

Metelko, Franc Serafin. 1825. Lehrgebäude der slowenischen Sprache im Königreiche Illyrien und in den benachbarten Provinzen: nach dem Lehrgebäude der böhm. Sprache des Hrn. Abbé Dobrowsky. Ljubljana: Leopold Eger.

Miklošič, Franc. 1883. Vergleichende Grammatik der Slavischen Sprachen. Vierter Band: Syntax. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumüller.

Napoli, Maria. 2010. The Case for the Partitive Case: the Contribution of Ancient Greek. Transactions of the Philological Society 108(1): 15–40.

Orešnik, Janez. 1992. Udeleženske vloge v slovenščini. Ljubljana: SAZU.

Pirnat, Žiga. 2011. Iztožilniški rodilnik ob zanikanih prehodnih glagolih v baltoslovanščini. Diplomsko delo. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta.

Pohlin, Marko. 1768. Kraynska grammatika, das ist: Die kraynerische Grammatik, oder Kunst die kraynerische Sprache regelrichtig zu reden, und zu schreiben. Ljubljana: P. Marcus, a S. Antonio Pad.

Przepiórkowski, Adam. 2000. Long Distance Genitive of Negation in Polish. Journal of Slavic Linguistics 8: 151–189.

Rusanovskij, Vitalij M., Mihail A. Žovtobrjuh, E. G. Gorodenskaja, and A. A. Griščenko. 1986. Украинская грамматика. Kiev: Naukova dumka.

Schuster-Šewc, Heinz. 2000. Das Sorbische im slawischen Kontext. Ausgewählte Studien. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

Senn, Alfred. 1970. Slavic and Baltic Linguistic Relations. In Donum Balticum, ed. by Velta Rūķe-Draviņa, 485–494. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.

Skeat, Walter W. 1883. Gospel of Saint Mark in Gothic According to the Translation Made by Wulfila in the Fourth Century. London: Oxford University Press.

Szemerényi, Oswald. 1980. Einführung in die vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

Šahmatov, Aleksej. 1963. Синтаксис русского языка. Haag: Mouton & Co.

Šewc, Hinc. 1968. Gramatika hornjoserbskeje rěče. 1. zwjazk: fonematika a morfologija. Budyšin: Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina.

Timberlake, Alan. 1975. Hierarchies in the Genitive of Negation. The Slavic and East European Journal 19(2): 123–138.

Toporišič, Jože. 2004. Slovenska slovnica. Maribor: Obzorja.

Uhlár, Rudo. 1933. Záporný genitív v spisovnej slovenčine. In Sborník na počesť Jozefa Škultétyho, 607–626. Turčiansky Svätý Martin: Matica Slovenská.

Vaillant, André. 1977. Grammaire comparée des langues slaves. Tome V: La Syntaxe. Paris: Editions Klincksieck.

Vince, Jasna. 2008. Uzmak genitiva izravnoga objekta. Slovo: časopis Staroslavenskoga zavoda u Zagrebu 56–57: 615–626.

Vondrák, Václav. 1928. Vergleichende Slavische Grammatik. II. Formenlehre und Syntax. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.

Zinkevičius, Zigmas. 1998. The History of the Lithuanian Language. Vilna: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas.

Downloads

Published

2019-03-14

How to Cite

Pirnat, Žiga. (2019). Genesis of the Genitive of Negation in Balto-Slavic and Its Evidence in Contemporary Slovenian. Slovenski Jezik / Slovene Linguistic Studies, 10. Retrieved from https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/sjsls/article/view/7358

Issue

Section

Articles