Raznolikost poplavnih gozdov v Igneadi (SZ Trakija – Turčija)
Ključne besede:
azonalen, bogastvo vrst, flora, geoelement, gradient, hranila, vegetacija, oskrba z voda, zonalenPovzetek
V delu obravnavamo vegetacijo poplavnih gozdov v Igneadi (SZ Trakija – Turčija). Opravili smo 69 popisov gozdov, ki se pojavljajo na mokrih, vlažnih in mezofilnih rastiščih. Gozdna vegetacija je razdeljena na pet skupin (asociacij), ki predstavljajo raznolikost teh gozdov v regiji. Na dobro namočenih rastiščih se pojavljajo gozdovi, kjer dominirata vrsti Alnus glutinosa in Fraxinus angustifolia; na mokrih in bogatih rastiščih najdemo gozdove vrst Ulmus laevis in Fraxinus angustifolia, na namočenih, vendar manj bogatih se pojavljajo gozdovi vrst Ulmus minor in Fraxinus angustifolia; na vlažnih rastiščih uspevajo gozdovi vrst Fraxinus angustifolia in Carpinus betulus, gozdovi vrste Carpinus betulus pa uspevajo na mezofilnih rastiščih. Ekološke razmere so bile opredeljene z bioindikatorskimi vrednostmi, gradient vlažnosti pa je predstavljen na podlagi numeričnih analiz. Primerjava obsega tudi bogastvo vrst različnih združb in njihovo geoelementno sestavo. Predlagana je tudi sintaskonomsko uvrstitev obravnavanih združb: Leucojo aestivi-Fraxinetum angustifoliae, Fraxino angustifoliae- Ulmetum laevis, Smilaco excelsae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae (Alno-Quercion roboris, Populetalia albae) in Geranio robertiani-Carpinetum betuli, Trachystemo orientalis-Carpinetum betuli (Castaneo-Carpinion betuli, Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis) vse v okviru razreda Querco-Fagetea.
Prenosi
Literatura
Akman, Y. 1995: Türkiye Orman Vejetasyonu. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi, Ankara. Anon., 2006: The data of Kumkoy Meteoroloji Station. Istanbul.
Anon., 2007: STATISTICA (data analysis software system). Version 8.0. StatSoft, Inc., www. statsoft.com
Aydın, C.T., Bergmeier, E., & Walentowski, H. 2008: Vegetation und Standort in der Waldlandschaft der Nordwest Türkei. Önel Druck &Verlag, Köln.
Baričević, D. 1998: Ecological-Vegetational properties of Forest Žutica. Glas. Šum. Pokuse 35: 1–91
Baričević, D., Pernar, N., Vukelić, J., Mikac, S. & Bakšić, D. 2009: Floristic composition as an indicator of destabilisation of lowland forest ecosystems in Posavina. Periodicum Biologorum 111(4): 443–451.
Başkent, E. Z., Terzioğlu, S. & Başkaya, Ş. 2008: Developing and implementing multiple-use forest management planning in Turkey. Environmental Management, 42:37–48.
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964: Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzüge der Vegetationskunde. 3rd ed. Springer, Wien.
Breckle, S.W. 2002: Walter vegetation of the Earth. The ecological system of the geo-biosphere. 4th edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Brullo, S. & Spampinato, G. 1999: Syntaxonomy of hygrophilous woods of the Alno-Quercion roboris. Annali di Botanica 57: 133–146.
Čarni, A. 2005: Vegetation of trampled habitats in the Prekmurje region (NE Slovenia). Hacquetia 4: 151–159.
Čarni A., Košir, P., Marinček, L., Marinšek, A., Šilc, U. & Zelnik, I. 2008: Komentar k vegetacijski karti gozdnih združb Slovenije v merilu 1 : 50.000 – list Murska Sobota. PAZU, Murska Sobota.
Čermák, J. 1998: Leaf distribution in large trees and stands of the floodplain forest in southern Moravia. Tree Physiology 18: 727–737.
Čermák, J. Kučera, J., Prax, A., Bednářová, F. T. & Nadyezhdin, V. 2001: Long-term course of transpiration in a floodplain forest in southern Moravia associated with changes of underground water table. Ekológia 20: 92–115.
Čermák, J. & Prax, A. 2001: Water balance of a Southern Moravian floodplain forest under natural and modified soil water regimes and its ecological consequences. Ann. For. Sci. 58: 15–29.
Chytrý, M., Tichý, L., Holt, J. & Botta-Dukát, Z. 2002: Determination of diagnostic species with statistical fidelity measures. Journal of Vegetation
Science 13: 79–90.
Çakır, G., Sivrikaya, F., Terzioğlu, S., Başkent, E. Z., Sönmez, T. & Yolasığmaz, H. A., 2007: Mapping secondary forest succesion with geographical information systems: A case study from Bulanıkdere, Kırklareli, Turkey. Turk. J. Agric. 31: 71–81.
Çiçek, E. 2002: Adapazarı-Süleymaniye Subasar Ormanında Meşcere Kuruluşları ve Gerekli Silvikültürel Önlemler, PhD Thesis, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 138 pp.
Davis, P. H. 1965–1985: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 1–9, Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
Davis, P. H., Mill, R. R. & Tan, K. 1988: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 10, Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
Drescher, A. 2007: Ulmenion Oberd. 1953. In: Willner, W. & Grabherr, G. (eds.) 2007. Die Wälder und Gebüsche Österreichs. Elsevier Verlag. München, p. 123–127.
Douda, J., Čejková, Douda, K. & Kochánková J. 2009: Development of alder carr after abandonment of wet grasslands during the last 70 years. Annals of forest science 66(7) 10.1051/forest/2009065.
Döring-Mederake, U. 1990: Alnion forests in lower Saxony (FRG), their ecological requirements, classification and position within Carici elongatae-Alnetum of Northern Central Europe. Vegetatio 89: 107–119.
Eriksson, G., 2001: Conservation of noble hardwoods in Europe. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31: 577–587.
Franz, W.R. & Willner, W. 2007: Somergrüne Laubwälder. In: Willner, W. & Grabherr, G. (eds.): Die Wälder und Gebüsche Österreichs. Elsevier Verlag. München, p. 89–93.
Glaeser, J. & Volk, H. 2009: The historical development of floodplain forests in Germany – a review. Allgemaine Forsts- und Jagdzeitung 180: 140–151.
Glavač, V. 1959: O šumi poljskog jasena s kasnim drijemovcem. Šum. list 83 (1–3): 39–45.
Hennekens, S. M. & Schaminée, J. H. J. 2001: TURBOVEG a comprehensive data base management system for vegetation data. Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 589–591.
Horner G.J., Baker P.J., Mac Nally, R., Cunningham, S.C. Thomson, J.R. & Hamilton, F. 2010: Forest structure, habitat and carbon benefits from thinning floodplain forests: Managing early stand density makes a difference. Forest ecology and management 259: 286–293.
Horvat, I., Glavač, V. & Ellenberg, H. 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Huston, M. 1980: Soil nutrient and tree species richness in Costa Rican Forests. Journal of Biogeography 7: 147–157.
Jackson, B. D. 1990: Identification and Inventory of the International Forested – Wetland Resource: Conference Summary. Forest Ecology and Management 33/34: 1–4.
Kantarcı, 1976: Tırakya ormanlarının bölgesel orman yetişme muhiti özelliklerine göre doğal ağaç ve çalı türleriyle sınıflandırılması. İst. Üni. Orman Fak. Der. A/26(2): 138–210.
Kantarcı, M. D. 1979: Kuzey Trakya Dağlık Orman Yetişme Bölgesinin Yöresel Sınıflandırması. İst. Üni. Orman Fak. Der. A/29(2): 42–71.
Kavgacı, A. 2007: Sand-Dune Vegetation of Iğneada Coast in the Thracian Part of Turkey. Hacquetia 6(2): 171–182.
Kavgacı, A., Özalp, G. & Özhatay, N. 2007: Flora of Igneada floodplain forests (longozes) and their surroundings. İst Üni Orman Fak. Der. A/57(2): 61–90.
Kavgacı, A., Čarni, A., Tecimen, B. & Özalp, G. 2010: Diversity and Ecological Differantiation of Oak Forests in NW Thrace (Turkey). Archives
of Biological Sciences 62(3):705–718.
Kılınç, M. & Karaer, F. 1995: Sinop yarımadasının vejetasyonu. Turk J Bot 19: 107–124.
Klimo, E. & Hager, H. (eds.) 2001: The floodplain forests in Europe. Current situation and perspective. Eur. For. Inst. Res. Rep. 10. 268 pp.
Košir, P., Čarni, A. & Di Pietro, R. 2008: Classification and phytogeographical differentiation of noble hardwood forests in Southeastern Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science 19: 331–342.
Kramer, K., Vreugdenhil, S.J., Stefan, J. & van der Werf, D.C. 2008: Effect of flooding on recruitment, damage and mortality of riparian tree species: A field and simulation study on the Rhine floodplain. Forest Ecology and Management 255: 3893–3903.
Kutbay, H. G., Kılınç, M. & Kandemir, A. 1998: Phytosociological and Ecological Structure of Fraxinus angustifolia forests in the Central Black Sea Region. Turk J Bot 22: 157–162.
Lepš, J. & Šmilauer, P. 2003: Multivariate analysis of ecological data using CANOCO, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Madera, P., Vukelić J., Buček, A. & Baričević, D. 2008: Floodplain forest plant communities. In: Klimo, E., Hager, H., Matić, S., Anić, I., Kulhavy, J. (eds.) Floodplain forests of the temperate zone of Europe (eds.), Lesnicka prace, s.r.o. Kostelec nad Černymi lesy, p. 102–159.
Magyari, E. K., Chapman, J. C., Gaydarska, B., Marinova, E., Deli, T., Huntly, J. P., Allen, J. R. M. & Huntley, B. 2008: The ‘oriental’ component of the Balkan flora: evidence of presence of the Tracian Plain during Weichselian late-glacial. Journal of Biogeography 35(5): 865–883.
Marinček, L. & Čarni, A. 2000: Die Unterverbände der Hainbuchenwälder des Verbandes Erythronio-Carpinion betuli (Horvat 1938) Marinček in Wallnöfer, Mucina et Grass 1993. Scopolia 45: 1–20.
Mc Cune, B. & Mefford. M.J. 2006: PC-ORD 5, Multivariate analysis of ecological data. MjM Sofware Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon.
Médail, F. & Diadema, K. 2009: Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin. Journal of Biogeography 36: 1333–1345.
Moffatt, S.F. & McLachlan, S.M. 2004: Understory indicators of disturbance for riparian forests along and urban-rural gradient in Manitoba. Ecological Indicators 4:1–16.
Monica, T., Gergel, S. E., Dixon, M. D. & Miller, J. R. 2004: Distribution and abundance of trees in floodplain forests of the Wisconsin River: Environmental influences at different scales. Journal of Vegetation Science 15(6) 729–738.
Müller, N. 1995: River dynamics and floodplain vegetation and their alterations due to human impact. Arch. Hydrobiol. Suppl. 101(3/4): 477– 512.
Müller, N. 1998: Effects of natural and human disturbances on floodplain vegetation. In: Müller, N., Okuda, S. & Tama, N. (eds.): Proceedings of International Symposium for River Restoration, Tokyo, 209 pp.
Özhatay, N., Byfield, A., & Atay, S. 2003: Türkiye’nin Önemli Bitki Alanları. Doğal Hayatı Koruma Vakfı (WWF Türkiye) yayını, İstanbul.
Paal, J., Rannik, R., Jeletsky, E.M. & Prieditis, N. 2007: Floodplain forests in Estonia: Typological diversity and growth conditions. Folia Geobotanica 42: 383–400.
Pamay, B. 1967: Demirköy – İğneada longoz ormanlarının silvikültürel analizi ve verimli hale getirilmesi için alınması gereken silvikültürel tedbirler üzerine araştırmalar. Orman Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, No. 451/43, İstanbul, 174 pp.
Pavlov, D. & Dimitrov, M. 2002: A syntaxonomic analysis of the floodplain forests in the maintained reserves “Dolna Topchiya” and “Balabana”. Hayka ΓOPOTA (Forest Science) 1: 3–19.
Pietsch, S. A., Hasenauer, H., Kučera, J. & Čermák, J. 2003: Modelling effects of hydrological changes on the carbon and nitrogen balance of oak in floodplains. Tree Physiology 23: 735–746.
Pignatti, S. 2005: Valori di bioindicazione delle piante vascolari della flora d’Italia. Braun- Blanquetia 39: 1–97.
Pivec, J. 2002: A short-term response of floodplain and spruce forests to evaporation requirements in Moravia in different years. Journal of Forest Science 48(7): 320–327.
Quézel, P., Barbéro, M. & Akman, Y. 1980: Contribution á l’étude de la végétation forestière d’Anatolie septentrionale. Phytocoenologia 8: 365–519.
Raus, T. 1980: Die Vegetation Ostthessaliens (Griechenland). III. Querceo-Fagetea und azonale Gehölzgesellschaften. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 101(3): 313–361.
Schnitzler, A., Hale, B.W. & Alsum, E. 2005: Biodiversity of Floodplain forests in Europe and eastern North America: A comparative study of the Rhine and Mississipi Valleys. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 97–117.
Schuck, A., Parviainen, J. & Bücking, W. 1994: A review of approaches to forestry research on structure, succession and biodiversity of undisturbed and semi-natural forests and woodland in Europe. European Forest Institute Working Paper 3, Joensuu, 64 pp.
Sevgi, O. 2005: Soil Characteristics of Different Sites In Stranja (Yildiz) Mountain. In: Chipev, N. (ed.): UESCO-BAS-MOEW Bulgarian – Turkish Workshop on Challenges of Establishment and Management of a Trans-Border Biosphere Reserve between Bulgaria and Turkey in Strandzha Mountain, 151 p.
Šilc, U. 2002: Asociacija Salicetum cinereae Zolyomi 1931 v JV Sloveniji. Hacquetia 1(2):165–184.
Šilc, U. 2003: Vegetation of the class Salicetea purpurea in Dolenjska (SE Slovenia). Fitosociologia 40(2): 3–27.
Slavnić, Ž. 1952: Nizinske šume Vojvodine. Zbornik matice srpske 2: 17–38.
Tatarinov, F. & Čermák, J. 1999: Daily and seasonal variation of stem radius in oak. Ann. For. Sci. 56: 579–590.
Tecimen, H.B. & Kavgacı, A. 2010: Comparison of soil and forest floor properties of floodplain and surrounding forests in Igneada, Turkey. Journal of Environmental Biology 31: 129–134.
Tepley, A.J., Cohen, J.G. & Huberty, L. 2004: Natural community abstract for floodplain forest. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing MI. 14 pp.
Ter Braak, J. F. C. & Šmilauer, P. 2002: CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User’s Guide, Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5), Wageningen.
Thornthwaite, C. W. 1948: An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Geogr. Rev. 38: 55–94.
Tichý, L. 2002: JUICE, software for vegetation classification. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 451–453.
Tsiripidis, I., Bergmeier, E. & Dimopoulos, P. 2007: Geographical and ecological differentiation in Greek Fagus forest vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 743–750.
Tockner, K., & Standford, J.A. 2002: Riverine flood plains: present state and future trends. Environmental Conservation 29: 308–330.
Turner, M.G., Gergel, S. E., Dixon, M.D. & Miller, J.R. 2004: Distribution and abundance of trees in floodplain forests of the Wisconsin River: Environmental influences at different scaled. Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 729–738.
Türe, C., Tokur, S., & Ketenoglu, O. 2005: Contribution to the syntaxonomy and ecology of the forest and shrub vegetation i Bithynia, Northwestern Antolia, Turkey. Phyton (Austria) 45 (1): 81–115.
Tzonev, R., Dimitrov, M., Chytrý, M., Roussakova, V., Dimove, D., Gussev, C., Pavlov, D., Vulchev, V., Vitkova, A., Gogoushev, G., Nikolov, I., Borisova, D. & Ganeva, A. 2006: Beech Forest communities in Bulgaria. Phytocoenologia 36(2): 247–279.
Vukelić, J. & Baričević, D. 2004: The association of spreading elm and narrow-leave ash (Fraxino- Ulmetum effusae Slav. 1952) in floodplain forest of Podravina and Podunavlje. Hacquetia 3: 49–60.
Vukelić J, Baričevič D 2005: Šumska vegetacija poplavnih područja. In: Vukelić, J., Prpić, B., Kajba, B., Matić, S., Vratarić, P., Glavaš, M. & Jakovac, H. (eds.): Poplavne šume u Hrvatskoj. Akademija šumarskih znanosti, Zagreb.
Wallnöfer, S. 2009: A new Alnion incanae association of the Inner Italian Alps: Hedero helicis- Alnetum glutinosae. Phyton (Austria) 49: 9–23.
Weber, H.E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J. P. 2000: International code of phytosociological nomenclature. 3rd edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 739–768.
Wenger, E.L., Zinke, A. & Gutzweiler, K.A. 1990: Present situation of the European floodplain forests. Forest Ecology and Management 33/34: 5–12.
Westhoff, V. & van der Maarel, E. 1973: The Braun-Blanquet approach. In: Whittaker, R. H. (ed.): Handbook of Vegetation Science 5, Ordination and classification of communities, Junk, The Hague, pp. 617–726.
Wildi, O. 1989: Analysis of the disintegrating group and gradient structure in Swiss riparian forests. Vegetatio 83: 179–186.
Willner, W. 2007: Carpinion betuli Issler 1931. In: Willner, W. & Grabherr, G. (eds.): Die Wälder und Gebüsche Österreichs. Elsevier Verlag. München, 137–144.
Yaltırık, F., Akman, Y. & Ketenoğlu, O. 1983: A phytosociological research in the Belgrad forest. Comm Fac Sci Univ C(1): 1–9.
Zelnik, I. & Čarni, A. 2008: Wet meadows of the alliance Molinion and their environmental gradients in Slovenia. Biologia 63: 187–196.
Zoller, H., Geissler P. & Athanasiadis, N. 1977: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Wälder, Moos- und Flechtenassoziationen in den Gebirgen Nordgriechenlands. Bauhinia 6 (1): 215–255.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki
