Suha travišča južne Evrope: sintaksonomija, gospodarjenje in ohranjenje
Ključne besede:
Elyno-Seslerietea, Evropska skupina za suha travišča (EDGG), Festuco-Brometea, paša, Helianthemetea guttati, Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Mediteran, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea.Povzetek
Mediteran je naravna vroča točka biodiverzitete, na katero je človek tisočletja močno vplival. Po svoji raznolikosti in lepoti so še posebej že dolgo znana travišča južne Evrope, vendar so v poznavanju teh travišč prisotne številne vrzeli na območju južnega Balkana ali posameznih taksonomskih skupin, kot so kriptogami. Predstavljamo posebno številko s prispevki z 9. srečanja Evropske skupine za suha travišča (European Dry Grassland Group), ki je bilo leta 2012 v mestu Prespa (Grčija). Tema srečanja je bila “Suha travišča Evrope: paša in ekosistemske storitve” s posebnim poudarkom na območjih južne Evrope. Posebno številko poleg tega uvodnika sestavlja osem prispevkov, ki smo jih uredili v tri glavne teme: sintaksonomijo (5 člankov), gospodarjenje (2) in ohranjanje travišč (1). Članki o klasifikaciji vsebujejo opise štirih novih asociacij in štirih subasociacij. Prav tako vsebujejo podatke o načinu gospodarjenja. Zaključimo lahko, da kaže vegetacija suhih travišč v južni Evropi prehod med različnimi višjimi sintaksoni in zato so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave v večjem merilu, ki bodo omogočile boljše razumevanje v nadnacionalnem merilu.Prenosi
Literatura
Allegrezza, M., Biondi, E., Formica, E. & Ballelli, S. 1997: La vegetazione dei settori rupestri calcarei dell’Italia centrale. Fitosociologia 32: 91–120.
Apostolova, I., Sopotlieva, D., Pedashenko, H., Velev, N. & Vassilev, K. 2012: Bulgarian Vegetation Database: historic background, current status and future prospects. Biodiversity & Ecology 4: 141–148.
Bardat, J., Bioret, F., Botineau, M., Boullet, V., Delpech, R., Géhu, J.-M., Haury, J., Lacoste, A., Rameau, J.-C., Royer, J.-M., Roux, G. & Touffet, J. 2004: Prodrome des végétations de France. – Patrimoines Naturels 61: 1–171.
Baumbach, H., Pfützenreuter, S. (eds.) 2013: Steppenlebensräume Europas – Gefährdung, Erhaltungsmaßnahmen und Schutz. TMLFUN, Erfurt, 456 pp.
Becker, T., Reitalu, T., Ruprecht, E. & Dengler, J. 2013: Dry grassland of Europe: biodiversity, classification, conservation and management – Editorial to the 8th Dry Grassland Special Feature. Tuexenia 33: 285 - 291.
Berg, C. & Dengler, J. 2005: Moose und Flechten als diagnostische Arten von Pflanzengesellschaften – eine Übersicht aus Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Herzogia 18: 145–161.
Berg, C., Dengler, J., Abdank, A. & Isermann, M. (eds.) 2004: Die Pflanzengesellschaften Mecklenburg- Vorpommerns und ihre Gefährdung – Textband. Weissdorn, Jena, 606 pp.
Biondi, E., Ballelli, S., Allegrezza, M. & Zuccarello, V. 2005a: La vegetazione dell’ordine Brometalia erecti Br.-Bl. 1936 nell’Appennino (Italia). Fitosociologia 30: 3–45.
Biondi, E., Bracco, F. & Nola, O. 1995b: Lista delle unita sintassonomiche della vegetazione Italiana. Fitosociologia 32: 1–227.
Biondi, E., Allegrezza, M. & Zuccarello, V. 2005: Syntaxonomic revision of the Apennine grasslands belonging to Brometalia erecti, and an analysis of their relationships with the xerophilous vegetation of Rosmarinetea officinalis (Italy). Phytocoenologia 35: 129–164.
Biondi, E. & Galdenzi, D. 2012: Phytosociological analysis of the grasslands of Montagna dei Fiori (central Italy) and syntaxonomic review of the class Festuco-Brometea in the Apennines. Plant Sociology 49: 91–112.
Blasi, C., Di Pietro, R. & Fortini, P., 2000: A phytosociological analysis of abandoned terraced olive grove shrublands in the Tyrrhenian district of Central Italy. Plant Biosystems 134: 305–331.
Blasi, C., Di Pietro, R., Fortini, P. & Catonica, C. 2003: The main plant community types of the alpine belt of the Apennine chain. Plant Biosystems 137: 83–110.
Blasi, C., Di Pietro, R. & Pelino, G. 2005: The vegetation and landscape of alpine belt karsttectonic basin in the Majella mountain (central Apennines). Plant Biosystems 139: 357–385.
Blondel, J., Aronson, J., Bodiou, J.-Y. & Boeuf, G. 2010: The Meditrerranean Region – Biological diversity in space and time. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 376 pp.
Bobbink, R. & Willems, J. H. 1993: Restoration management of abandoned chalk grassland in the Netherlands. Biodiversity and Conservation 2: 616–626.
Bonin, G. 1978: Contribution à la connaissance de la végétation des montagnes de l’Apennin centro-meridional. Thesis, University of Marseille, 318 pp.
Bracco, F., Panfili, E., Sburlino, G. & Venanzoni,R. 2007. Il secondo aggiornamento della lista sintassonomica italiana (2000–2004). Fitosociologia 44, Suppl. 1: 5–12.
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1967: Vegetationsskizzen aus dem Baskenland mit Ausblicken auf das weitere Ibero-Atlantikum. II. Teil. Vegetatio 14: 1–126.
Chytrý, M. (ed.) 2007: Vegetation of the Czech Republic – 1. Grassland and heathland vegetation [in Czech, with English summary]. Academia, Praha, 526 pp.
de Bello, F., Lepš, J. &Sebastià, M.-T. 2007: Grazing effects on the species-area relationship: Variation along a climatic gradient in NE Spain. Journal of Vegtation Science 18: 25–34.
Demina, O. & Bragina, T. 2014: Fundamental basis for the conservation of biodiversity of the Black Sea-Kazakh steppes. Hacquetia 13: 215–228.
Dengler, J. 2004: Artenzusammensetzung und Phytodiversität von Trockenrasen auf Granitgrus entlang eines Höhentransektes in der Serra da Estrela (Portugal). Kieler Notizen zur Pflanzenkunde in Schleswig-Holstein und Hamburg 32: 49–56.
Dengler, J. & Boch, S. 2008: Sampling-design effects on properties of species-area curves – A case study from Estonian dry grassland communities. Folia Geobotanica 43: 289–304.
Dengler, J., Jansen, F., Glöckler, F., Peet, R. K., De Cáceres, M., Chytrý, M., Ewald, J., Oldeland, J., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Finckh, M., Mucina, L., Rodwell, J. S., Schaminée, J. H. J. & Spencer, N. 2011: The Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD): a new resource for vegetation science. Journal of Vegetation Science 22: 582–597.
Dengler, J., Becker, T., Ruprecht, E., Szabó, A., Becker, U., Beldean, M., Bita-Nicolae, C., Dolnik, C., Goia, I., Peyrat, J., Sutcliffe, L. M. E., Turtureanu, P. D. & Uğurlu, E. 2012: Festuco-Brometea communities of the Transylvanian Plateau (Romania) – a preliminary overview on syntaxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity. Tuexenia 32: 319–359.
Dengler, J., Bergmeier, E., Willner, W. & Chytrý, M. 2013: Towards a consistent classification of European grasslands. Applied Vegetation Science 16: 518–520.
Dengler, J., Janišová, M., Török, P. & Wellstein, C. 2014: Biodiversity of Palaearctic grasslands: a synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 182: 1–14.
Di Pietro, R. & Blasi, C. 2002: A phytosociological analysis of abandoned olive groves grasslands of Ausoni mountains (Tyrrhenian district of Central Italy). Lazaroa 23: 79–93.
Di Pietro, R. 2010: Phytosociological features of Sesleria calabrica (Poaceae), an endemic species of Pollino-Orsomarso mountains southern Italy). Acta Botanica Gallica 157: 539–554.
Di Pietro, R. & Misano, G. 2010: Shrublands and garrigue vegetation in the “Gravine” gorges (Apulia region, south-eastern Italy). Acta Botanica Gallica 157: 195–229.
Di Pietro, R. 2011. New dry grassland associations from the Ausoni-Aurunci mountains (Central Italy) – Syntaxonomical updating and discussion on higher rank syntax. Hacquetia 10: 183–231.
Di Pietro, R., Kuzmanović, N., Iamonico, D., Pignotti, L., Barina, Z., Lakusić, D. & Alegro, A. 2013. Typification of names in the Sesleria juncifolia species complex (Poaceae). Phytotaxa 152(1): 18–32
Di Pietro R. & Wagensommer, R. P. 2014: A new Sesleria juncifolia association from south-eastern Italy and its position in the amphi-Adriatic biogeographical context. Acta Botanica Croatica 173: 171–207.
Dierßen, K. 2001: Distribution, ecological amplitude and phytosociological characterization of European bryophytes. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 56: 1–289.
Dimopoulos, P., Papagastergiadou, E., Sykora, K., Georgiadis, T., Babalonas, D. & Dafis, S. 1995: Inventory of phytosociological data on the vegetation of Greece. Goulandris Natural History Museum, Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, 94 pp.
Dimopoulos, P., Tsiripidis, I., Bergmeier, E., Fotiadis, G., Theodoropulos, K., Raus, T., Panitsa, M., Kalimanis, A. S., Sýkora, K. V . & Mucina, L. 2012: Towards the Hellenic National Vegetation Database: VegHellas. Plant Sociology 49: 81–87.
Duckworth, J. C., Bunce, R. G. H. & Malloch, A. J. C. 2000a: Modelling the potential effects of climate change on calcareous grasslands in Atlantic Europe. Journal of Biogeography 27: 347–358.
Duckworth, J. C., Bunce, R. G. H. & Malloch, A. J. C. 2000b: Vegetation gradients in Atlantic Europe: the use of existing phytosociological data in preliminary investigations on the potential effects of climate change on British vegetation. Global Ecology and Biogeography 9: 187–199.
Eliáš, P. jr., Sopotlieva, D., Díté, D., Hájková, P., Apostolova, I., Senko, D., Melečková, Z. & Hájek, M. 2013: Vegetation diversity of saltrich grasslands in Southeast Europe. Applied Vegetation Science 16: 521–537.
Evangelou, C., Yiakoulaki, M. & Papanastasis, V. 2014: Spatio-temporal analysis of sheep and goats grazing in different forage resources of northern Greece. Hacquetia 13: 205–214.
Falcucci, A. Maiorano, L. & Boitani, L. 2007: Changes in land-use/land-cover patterns in Italy and their implications for biodiversity conservation. Landscape Ecology 22: 617–631.
Fanelli, G. 1998: Dasypyrum villosum vegetation in the territory of Rome. Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 9: 149–170.
Foggi, B., Lastrucci. L., Gennai, M. & Viciani, D. 2014: The Festuco-Brometea grasslands on sandstone and marl-clay-sandstone substrata in Tuscany (Northern-central Italy). Hacquetia 13: 19–56.
Fotiadis, G., Vrahnakis, M., Kazoglou, Y. & Tsiripidis, I. 2014: Dry grassland types in the Prespa National Park (NW Greece), including the southernmost occurrence of the priority habitat type “Pannonic sand steppes” (code 6260). Hacquetia 13: 171–190.
Giladi, I., Ziv, Y., May, F. & Jeltsch, F. 2011: Scaledependent determinants of plant species richness in a semi-arid fragmented agro-ecosystem. Journal of Vegetation Science 22: 983–996.
Guarino, R., Becker, T., Dembicz, I., Dolnik, C., Kacki, Z., Kozub, Ł., Rejžek, M. & Dengler, J. 2012: Impressions from the 4th EDGG Research Expedition to Sicily: community composition and diversity of Mediterranean grasslands. Bulletin of the European Dry Grassland Group 15: 12–22.
Horvat, I., Glavač, V. & Ellenberg, H., 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas. Fischer, Jena, 768 pp.
Horvatić, S. 1973: Syntaxonomic analysis of the vegetation of dry grassland and stony meadows in Eastern Adriatic coastal Karts district based on the latest phytocoenological research. Fragmenta Herbologica Jugoslavica 32: 1–15.
Janišová, M. (ed.) 2007: Grassland vegetation of Slovak Republic – electronic expert system for identification of syntaxa [in Slovak, with English summary]. Botanický ústav SAV, Bratislava, 263 pp. + CD-ROM.
Janišová, M., Bartha, S., Kiehl, K. & Dengler, J. 2011: Advances in the conservation of dry grasslands – Introduction to contributions from the 7th European Dry Grassland Meeting. Plant Biosystems 145: 507–513.
Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Apostolova, I., Čarni, A., Chytrý, M., Csiky, J., Dengler, J., Dimopoulos, P., Font, X., Golub, V., Hennekens, S., Jandt, U., Jansen, F., Kącki, Z., Kevey, B., Krstonosić, D., Landucci, F., Lysenko, T., Martynenko, V., Mucina, L., Rodwell, J., Schaminée, J., Šibík, J., Šilc, U., Sorokin, A., Stančić, Z., Willner, W. & Yamalov, S. 2013: Unifying and analysing vegetation-plot databases in Europe: the
European Vegetation Archive (EVA) and the Braun-Blanquet project. CAFF Proceedings Report 10: 50–51.
Kabaš, E., Vukojičić, S., Alegro, A., Surina, B., Kuzmanović, N., Šegota, V. & Lakušić, D. 2014: Numerical evaluation of grasslands dominated by Sesleria juncifolia agg. in Serbia. Hacquetia 13: 57–78.
Kącki, Z., Czarniecka, M. & Swacha, G. 2013: Statistical determination of diagnostic, constant and dominant species of the higher vegetation units of Poland. Monographiae Botanicae 103: 1–269.
Kaligarič, M., Culiberg, M. & Kramberger, B. 2006: Recent vegetation history of the North Adriatic Grasslands: expansion and decay of an anthropogenic habitat. Folia Geobotanica 41: 241–258.
Klötzli, F., Dietl, W., Marti, K., Schubiger-Bossard, C. & Walther, G.-R. (2010): Vegetation Europas. Das Offenland im vegetationskundlich-ökologischen Überblick unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schweiz. Ott, Bern, 1190 pp.
Kojić, M., Popović, R. & Karadžić, B. 1998: Sintaksonomski pregled vegetacije Srbije. Institut za biološka istraživanja “Siniša Stanković”, Beograd. 218 pp.
Lancioni, A., Facchi, J. & Taffetani, F. 2011: Syntaxonomical analysis of the Kobresio-Myosuroidis-seslerietea caeruleae and Carici Rupestris-Kobresietea Bellardii classes in the central southern Apennines. Fitosociologia 48: 3–21.
Landucci, F., Acosta, A. T. R ., Agrillo, E., Attorre, F., Biondi, E., Cambria, V. E., Chiarucci, A., Del Vico, E., De Sanctis, M., Facioni, L., Geri, F., Gigante, D., Guarino, R., Landi, S., Lucarini, D., Panfili, E., Pesaresi, S., Prisco, I., Rosati, L., Spada, F. & Venanzoni, R. 2012: VegItaly: The Italian collaborative project for a national vegetation database. Plant Biosystems 146: 756–763.
Löbel, S. & Dengler, J. 2008 [“2007”]: Dry grassland communities on southern Öland: phytosociology, ecology, and diversity. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 88: 13–31.
Löbel, S., Dengler, J. & Hobohm, C. 2006: Species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in dry grasslands: The effects of environment, landscape structure and competition. Folia Geobotanica 41: 377–393.
López González, G. 2001: Los árboles y arbustos de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
MacDonald, D, Crabtree, J. R , Wiesinger, G., Dax, T., Stamou, N., Fleury, P., Gutierrez Lazpitae, J. & Gibon, A. 2000: Agricultural abandonment in mountain areas of Europe: Environmental consequences and policy response. Journal of Environmental Management 59: 47–69.
Margules, C. & Usher, M. B. 1981: Criteria used in assessing wildlife conservation potential: a review. Biological Conservation 21: 79–109.
Merunková, K., Preislerova, Z. & Chytrý, M. 2012: White Carpathian grasslands: can local ecological factors explain their extraordinary species richness? Preslia 84: 311–325.
Mittermeier, R. A., Gil, P. R ., Hoffman, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Mittermeier, C. G., Lamoreux, J. & da Fonseca, G. A. B. 2004: Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. CEMEX, Mexico City, 392 pp.
Montserrat, P. & Fillat, F. 1990: The system of grassland management in Spain. In: Breymeyer, A. I. (ed.): Managed grasslands. Regional studies. Ecosystems of the World 17(2): Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 37–70.
Moreira, F. & Russo, D. 2007: Modelling the impact of agricultural abandonment and wildfires on vertebrate diversity in Mediterranean Europe. Landscape Ecology 22: 1461–1476.
Mucina, L. & Kolbek, J. 1993: Festuco-Brometea. In: Mucina, L., Grabherr, G. & Ellmauer, T. (eds.): Die Pflanzengesellschaften Österreichs – Teil I: Anthropogene Vegetation. Fischer, Jena, pp. 420–492.
Mucina, L., Dengler, J., Bergmeier, E., Čarni, A., Dimopoulos, P., Jahn, R. & Matevski, V. 2009: New and validated high-rank syntaxa from Europe. Lazaroa 30: 267–276.
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., Fonseca, G. A. B. & Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858.
Parolly, G. 2004: The high mountain vegetation of Turkey – a state of the art report, including a first annotated conspectus of the major syntaxa. Turkish Journal of Botany 28: 39–63.
Pärtel, M., Bruun, H. H. & Sammul, M. 2005: Biodiversity in temperate European grasslands: origin and conservation. Grassland Science in Europe 10: 1–14.
Parton, W. J., Ojima, D. S. & Schimel, D. S. 1994: Environmental change in grasslands: assessment using models. Climate Change 28: 111‑141.
Pedashenko, H., Apostolova, I., Boch, S., Ganeva, A., Janisová, M., Sopotlieva, D., Todorova, S., Ünal, A., Vassilev, K., Velev, N. & Dengler, J. 2013: Dry grasslands of NW Bulgarian mountains: first insights into diversity, ecology and syntaxonomy. Tuexenia 33: 309–346.
Pirini, C. B., Tsiripidis, I. & Bergmeier, E. 2014: Steppe-like grassland vegetation in the hills around the lakes of Vegoritida and Petron, North-Central Greece. Hacquetia 13: 121–170.
Pirone, G. & Tammaro, F. 1997: The hilly calciophilous garigues in Abruzzo (central Apennines-Italy). Fitosociologia 32: 73–90.
Poschlod, P. & WallisDeVries, M. 2002: The historical and socioeconomic perspective of calcareous grasslands – lessons from the distant and recent past. Biological Conservation 104: 361–376.
Pott, R. 1996: Die Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verbreitung xerothermer Vegetationseinheiten in Mitteleuropa unter dem Einfluß des Menschen. Tuexenia 16: 337–369.
Redžić, S. 1999: The syntaxonomical differentiation of the Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. & R. Tx. 1943 et Klika & Hadac 1944 in the Balkans. Annali di Botanica 57: 167–180.
Redžić, S. 2003: The syntaxonomy and syngenesis of the Elyno-Seslerietea Br.-Bl. 1948 in the Balkan Peninsula. Annali di Botanica Nuova Serie 3: 53–74.
Rivas-Martínez, S., Díaz, T. E., Prieto, J. A., Loidi, J. & Penas, A. 1991: Festuco hystricis-Ononidetea striatae y Rosmarinetea officinalis, clases de vegetación independientes. Itinera Geobotanica 5: 505−516.
Rivas-Martínez, S., Díaz, T. E., Fernández-González, F., Izco, J., Loidi, J., Lousa, M. & Penas, A. 2002: Vascular plant communities of Spain and Portugal. Addenda to the syntaxonomical checklist of 2001. Itinera Geobotanica 15: 1–922.
Rodríguez-Rojo, P. & Fernández-González, F. in press: Diversity patterns and typology of Cynosurus cristatus grasslands (Cynosurion cristati Tüxen 1947) in the Iberian Peninsula. Folia Geobotanica. DOI: 10.1007/s12224-014-9191-7.
Rodwell, J. S. (ed.) 1992: British plant communities. Volume 3: Grasslands and montane communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 540 pp.
Rodwell, J. S., Schamineé, J. H. J., Mucina, L., Pignatti, S., Dring, J. & Moss, D. 2002: The diversity of European vegetation – An overview of phytosociological alliances and their relationships to EUNIS habitats. National Reference Centre for Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries, Wageningen, 168 pp.
Römermann, C., Dutoit, T., Poschlod, P. & Buisson, E. 2005: Influence of former cultivation on the unique Mediterranean steppe of France and consequences for conservation management. Biological Conservation 121: 21–33.
Rosén, E. & Borgegård, S.-O. 1999: The open cultural landscape. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 84: 113–134.
Royer, J. M. 1991: Synthèse eurosibérienne, phytosociologique et phytogéographique de la classe des Festuco-Brometea. Dissertationes Botanicae 178: 1–296.
Schaminée, J. H. J., Stortelder, A. H. F. & Weeda, E. J. (eds.) 1996: De Vegetatie von Nederland – Deel 3. Plantengemeenschappen van graslanden, zomen en droge heiden [in Dutch]. Opulus, Uppsala, 360 pp.
Schwabe, A. & Kratochwil, A. 2009: Renaturierung von Sandökosystemen im Binnenland. In: Zerbe, S. & Wiegleb, G. (ed.): Renaturierung von Ökosystemen in Mitteleuropa. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 235–263.
Šilc, U. & Čarni, A. 2012: Conspectus of vegetation syntaxa in Slovenia. Hacquetia 11: 113–164.
Šilc, U., Aćić, S., Škvorc, Ž., Krstonošić, D., Franjić, J. & Dajić Stevanović, Z. in press: Grassland vegetation of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class in the NW Balkan Peninsula. Applied Vegetation Science. DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12094.
Škornik, S., Vidrih, M. & Kaligarič, M. 2010: The effect of grazing pressure on species richness, composition and productivity in North Adriatic Karst pastures. Plant Biosystems 144: 355–364.
Sopotlieva, D. & Apostolova, I. 2014: Dry grassland vegetation in the transition zone between two biogeographic regions. Hacquetia 13: 79‑120.
Surina, B. & Dakskobler, I., 2005: Delimitation of the alliances Caricion firmae ( Seslerietalia albicantis) and Seslerion juncifoliae (Seslerietalia juncifoliae) in the southern Alps and Dinaric mountains. Plant Biosystems 139: 399–410.
Terzi, M. 2011: Nomenclatural revision of the order Scorzonero-Chryopogonetalia. Folia Geobotanica 46: 411–444.
Terzi, M., Di Pietro, R. & D’Amico, F. S. 2010: Analisi delle specie indicatrici applicata alle comunità a Stipa austroitalica Martinovsky e relative problematiche sintassonomiche. Fitosociologia 47: 3–28.
Turtureanu, P. D., Palpurina, S., Becker, T., Dolnik, C., Ruprecht, E.,. Sutcliffe, L. M. E., Szabó, A. & Dengler, J. 2014: Scale- and taxondependent biodiversity patterns of dry grassland vegetation in Transylvania (Romania). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 182: 15–24.
Tzonev, R., Dimitrov, M. & Roussakova, V. 2009: Syntaxa according to Braun-Blanquet approach in Bulgaria. Phytologica Balcanica 15: 209–233.
Ubaldi, D. 2011: Le vegetazioni erbacee e gli arbusteti Italiani. Aracne, Roma, 361 pp.
Uğurlu, E. & İşik, D. 2012: Vegetation Database of the Grassland Communities in Anatolia. Biodiversity & Ecology 4: 313–313. Biocentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Hamburg.
Vassilev, K., Pedashenko, H., Nikolov, S., Apostolova, I. & Dengler, J. 2011: Effect of land abandonement on the vegetation of upland seminatural grasslands in the Western Balkan Mts., Bulgaria. Plant Biosystems 145: 654–665.
Vassilev, K., Dajić, Z., Ćusterevska, R., Bergmeier, E. & Apostolova, I. 2012: Balkan Dry Grasslands Database. Biodiversity & Ecology 4: 330–330.
Veen, P., Jefferson, R., de Smidt, J. & van der Straaten, J. (eds.) 2009: Grasslands in Europe of high nature value. KNNV Publishing, Zeist, 320 pp.
Velev, N. & Vassilev, K. 2014: Management regimes within syntaxa of semi-natural grasslands in West Bulgaria. Hacquetia 13: 191–204.
Vrahnakis, M. S., Janišová, M., Rūsiņa, S., Török, P., Venn, S. & Dengler, J. 2013a: The European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG): stewarding Europe’s most diverse habitat type. In: Baumbach, H. & Pfützenreuter, S. (eds.): Steppenlebensräume Europas – Gefährdung, Erhaltungsmaßnahmen und Schutz. TMLFUN, Erfurt, pp. 417–434.
Vrahnakis, M., Kyriazopoulos, A. P., Chouvardas, D. & Fotiadis, G. (eds.) 2013b: Dry grasslands of Europe: grazing and ecosystem services – Proceedings of the 9th European Dry Grassland Meeting (EDGM) Prespa, Greece, 19–23 May 2012. HERPAS, Thessaloniki, 349 pp.
Walter, H. 1994: Vegetation of the Earth and ecological systems of the geo-biosphere. Springer, Berlin, 318 pp.
Weber, H. E., Moravec, J. & Theurillat, J.-P. 2000: International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3rd edition. Journal of Vegetation Science 11: 739–768.
Willems, J. H. 2001: Problems, approaches, and results in restoration of Dutch calcareous grassland during the last 30 years. Restoration Ecology 9: 147–154.
Wilson, J. B., Peet, R. K., Dengler, J. & Pärtel, M. 2012: Plant species richness: the world records. Journal of Vegetation Science 23: 796–802.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki