Najpomembnejša antična mesta balkanskih provinc in obeh Panonij
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AV.71.05Ključne besede:
Balkanski polotok, Donava, principat, urbanizacija, urbani sistemiPovzetek
Rimska mesta balkanskih in podonavskih provinc so bila doslej le redko del raziskav širših mestnih mrež. Namen prispevka je prepoznati glavne značilnosti mestnih sistemov in na podlagi najpomembnejših mest provincialne mestne hierarhije poiskati njihovo vpetost v ekonomijo provinc v času severske dinastije. Avtor se osredotoča na primerjavo velikosti prvorazrednih mest z ostalimi naselbinami, upošteva pa tudi njihovo lego in kmetijsko bogastvo zaledja. Ugotavlja, da moramo obravnavano območje glede na ekonomske vire razumeti kot obrobje rimskega imperija. Glavna bogastva obravnavanih provinc so bili namreč les, volna, ruda in delovna sila, kar se jasno izraža tudi v osnovnih geografskih parametrih prvorazrednih mest: v njihovi relativno skromni velikosti, obrobni legi in vojaški naravi.
Prenosi
Literatura
ABRAMS, P., E. A. WRIGLEY (eds.) 1978, Towns in soci- eties. Essays in economic history and historical sociology. – Cambridge.
ADAMS, R. McC. 1965, Land behind Baghdad: a history of settlement on the Diyala Plains. – Chicago.
ALEXANDRESCU, C-G., C. GUGL 2016, The Troesmis- -project 2011–2015 – research questions and metho- dologies. – In: C-G. Alexandrescu (ed.), Troesmis – a changing landscape. Romans and the others in the Lower Danube region in the first century BC - third century AD. Proceedings of the International Colloqium Tulcea, 7th–10th October 2015, 9–23, Cluj-Napoca.
ALFÖLDY, G. 1965, Bevölkerung und Gesellschaft der römischen Provinz Dalmatien. – Budapest.
BERRY, B. J. L. 1961, City-size distributions and economic development. – Economic Development and Cultural Change 9.4/1, 573–588.
BINTLIFF, J. 2002, Going to market in Antiquity. – In: E. Olshausen, H. Sonnabend (eds.), Zu Wasser und zu Land. Verkehrswege in der antiken Welt, Stuttgarter Kolloquium zur historischen Geographie des Altertums 7 (1999), 209–250, Stuttgart.
BIRLEY, A. 2000, Marcus Aurelius. A biography. – London. BOJANOVSKI, I. 1974, Dolabelin sistem cesta u rimskoj provinciji Dalmaciji (Dolabellae systema viarum in pro- vincia romana Dalmatia). – Djela ANUBiH 47, Centar za Balkanološka ispitivanja 2, Sarajevo.
BOYANOV, I. 2010, Municipium Aurelium Durostorum or vicus Gavidina. – Archaeologia Bulgarica 4/2, 53–59.
BORHY, L. et al. 2004, Brigetio, Ergebnisse der 1992–1998 durchgeführten Ausgrabungen (Munizipium, Legions- lager, Canabae, Gräberfelder). – In: M. Šašel-Kos, P. Scherrer (eds.), The Autonomous Towns of Noricum and Pannonia / Die autonomen Städte in Noricum und Pannonien. Pannonia II, Situla 42, 231–251.
BOWMAN, A., A. WILSON (eds.) 2011, Settlement, urbanization and population. – Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy 3.
BURGHARDT, A. F. 1971, A hypothesis about gateway cities. – Annals of the Association of American Geographers 61/2, 269–285.
CAMBI, N. (ed.) 1991, Antička Salona. – Split.
CHASE-DUNN, C. S. MANNING 2002, City-systems and world-systems: four millennia of city growth and decline. – Cross-cultural Research 36/4, 379–398.
CHASE-DUNN, C., C. WILLARD, A. WILLARD 1994, Cities in the central political/military network since CE 1200: size-hierarchy and domination. – Comparative Civilizations Review 30, 104–132.
CHEN, X. 1991. China’s city hierarchy, urban policy and spatial development in the 1980s. – Urban Studies 28/3, 341–367.
CORNELL, T., K. LOMAS (eds.) 1995, Urban society in Roman Italy. – London.
DAVIS, J. L. et al. 1998–2002, The Mallakastra Regional Archaeological Project. [http://river.blg.uc.edu/mrap/]. DE LIGT, L. 2012, Peasants, citizens and soldiers: Studies in the demographic history of Roman Italy 225 BC– AD 100. – Cambridge.
DE LIGT, L., P. GARNSEY 2012, The album of Herculane- um and a model for the town’s demography. – Journal of Roman Archaeology 25, 69–94.
DIACONESCU, A. 2004. The towns of Roman Dacia: an overview of recent archaeological research. – In: W.S. Hanson, I. P. Haynes (eds.), Roman Dacia. The Making of a Provincial Society, 87–142, Portsmouth.
DJAMBOV, C., M. MATEEV, 1980. Donées nouvelles sur l’ensemble du forum de Philippopolis. – In A. Fol (ed.), Pulpudeva: Semaines philippopolitaines de l’histoire et de la culture Thrace 3, 106–121, Plovdiv.
DONEUS, M., C. GUGL, N. DONEUS 2013. Die Cana- bae von Carnuntum-Ein Modelstudie der Erforschung römische Lagervorstädte. – Wien.
DONEV, D. 2020, The busy periphery: the urban systems of the Balkan and Danube provinces (2nd–3rd c. AD). – Oxford.
DONEVSKI, P. 2009, Archaeological excavations in Silistra (Durostorum). – Bulitinul Muzeului Judeţean Teleorman 1, 105–130.
DONEVSKI, P. 2015, A comparison between Novae and Durostorum in Lower Moesia: topography, defensive system and legal status. – In: L. Vagalinski, N. Sharankov (eds.), LIMES XXII: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of Roman Frontier Studies, Ruse, Bulgaria, September 2012, 163–168, Sofia.
DRENNAN, R. D., C. E. PETERSON 2004, Comparing archaeological settlement systems with rank-size graph: a measure of shape and statistical confidence. – Journal of Archaeological Science 31, 533–549.
DUCH, M. 2017, Economic role of the Roman Army in the province of Lower Moesia (Moesia Inferior). – Gniezno.
DZINO, D. 2010, Illyricum in Roman Politics. – Cambridge.
EARLE, R., R. W. PREUCEL 1987, Processual Archaeo- logy and the radical critique. – Current Anthropology 28/4, 501–538.
ECK, W. 2000, Provincial administration and finance. – In: A. Bowman, P. Garnsey, D. Rathbone (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History XI. The High Empire A.D. 70–192, 266–292, Cambridge.
ERDKAMP, P. (ed.) 2002, The Roman Army and the Eco- nomy. – Amsterdam.
ERDKAMP, P. 2005, The Grain Market in the Roman Em- pire: a social, political and economic study. – Cambridge. FERJANIĆ, S. 2002, Naseljavanje legijskih veterana u bal- kanskim provincijama. I–III n.e. – Posebna izdanja 79. Balkanološki institut SANU, Belgrade.
FINLEY, M. 1977, The ancient city: from Fustel de Coulanges to Max Weber and beyond. – Comparative Studies in Society and History 19/3, 305–327.
FOXHALL, L., H. A. FORBES 1982, Sitometria: the role of grain as a staple food in Classical Antiquity. – Chiron 12, 41–90.
GABLER, D., A. H. VADAY 1992, Terra Sigillata im Barbaricum zwischen Pannonien und Dazien. – Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 44, 83–160.
GALESTIN, M. 2005, Barriers for Barbarians. – In: Z. Visy (ed.), LIMES XIX, Proceedings of the XIXth Internati- onal Congress on Roman Frontier Studies held in Pécs, Hungary, September 2003, 221–226, Pécs.
GARNSEY, P. 1998, Grain for Athens. – In: W. Scheidel (ed.), Cities, Peasants and Food in Classical Antiquity: essays in social and economic history, 183–200, Cambridge.
GEROV, B. 1980, Beiträge zur Geschichte der römischen Provinzen Moesien und Thrakien I. – Amsterdam.
GEROV, B. 1997, Beiträge zur Geschichte der römischen Provinzen Moesien und Thrakien II. – Amsterdam.
GUTTERIDGE, A., A. HOTI, R. H. HURST 2001, The walled town of Dyrrachium (Durres): settlement and dynamics. – Journal of Roman Archaeology 14, 391–410.
HANSON, J. 2016, An urban geography of the Roman world, 100 BC to AD 300. – Roman Archaeology 18, Oxford.
HODDER, I. 1986, Reading the Past. Current approaches to interpretation in Archaeology. – Cambridge.
HORVAT, J. et al. 2003 = J. Horvat, M. Lovenjak, A. Dolenc Vičič, M. Lubšina Tušek, M. Tomanič Jevremov, Z. Šubic 2003, Poetovio, development and topography. – In: M. Šašel-Kos, P. Scherrer (eds.), The Autonomous Towns of Noricum and Pannonia / Die autonomen Städte in Noricum und Pannonien. Pannonia I, 153–189, Situla 41.
IVANOV, R. 2003, Durostorum. – In: R. Ivanov (ed.), Rim- ski i ranovizantijski selišta v Bâlgarija II, 75–86, Sofia.
JEFFERSON, M. 1939, The law of the Primate City. – Geographical Review 29, 226–232.
JOHNSON, G. A. 1977, Aspects of regional analysis in Archaeology. – Annual Review of Anthropology 6, 479–508.
JOHNSON, G. A. 1980, Rank-size convexity and system integration. A view from archaeology. – Economic Geography 56/3, 234–247.
KREKOVIČ, E. 2001, Some comparisons between Germanic and Sarmatian limes in Pannonia. – Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 52/1–3, 103–107.
KRONBERGER, M., M. MOSSER 2002, Vindobona-legio- nary fortress, canabae legionis and necropolis. – In: P. Freeman, J. Bennett, Z. T. Fiema, B. Hoffmann (eds.), LIMES XVIII: Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Amman, Jordan, 573–584, Oxford.
KRUGMAN, P. 1996, Confronting the mystery of urban hierarchy. – Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 10, 399–418.
KUZMOVÁ, K. 2005, Samian ware on the north Pannonian frontier and behind it. – In: Z. Visy (ed.), LIMES XIX. Proceedings of the XIXth International Congres of Roman Frontier Studies held in Pécs, Hungary, September 2003, 979–986, Pécs.
LAMBOLEY, J-L. et al. 2011 = J-L. Lamboley, F. Drini, F. Quantin, S. Shpuza, S. Verger, A. Skenderaj, E. Fol- lain, M.-H. Barrière, P. Lenhardt, V. Bereti, A. Islami 2011, Apollonia d’Illyrie (Albanie). – Mélanges de l’École française de Rome 132/1, 242–262.
LENGYEL, A., G. T. RADAN (eds.) 1980, The Archaeology of Roman Pannonia. – Budapest.
LOCK, G. R. (ed.) 2000, Beyond the map: archaeology and spatial technologies. – Amsterdam.
MANGO, C. 1985, Le développement urbain de Constantinople (IVe–VIIe siècles). – Travaux et memoires du centre de recherche d’histoire et civilization de Byzance 2, Paris.
MANGO, C., G. DAGRON (eds.) 1995, Constantinople and its hinterland: papers from the Twenty-Seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Oxford, April 1993. – Aldershot.
MARTEMIANOV, A. P. 2012, Vici i komai pervih vekov nashei eri na teritorii trakiiskih zemel. – Drevnosti 2012, 40–52.
MARZANO A. 2011, Rank-size analysis and the Roman cities of the Iberian Peninsula and Britain. – In: A. Bowman, A. Wilson (eds.), Settlement, urbanization and population, Oxford Studies in the Roman Economy 2, 196–228, Oxford.
MIKULČIĆ, I. 1971. Teritorija Skupa. – Živa Antika 21, 463–484.
MOSSÉ, C. 1973, Athens in decline, 404–86 B.C. – London. OLTEAN, I. 2007, Dacia. Landscape, colonization and Romanization. – London.
ORTON, C., I. HODDER 1976, Spatial analysis in Archaeology. – Cambridge.
OSARAGI, T. 2002, Classification methods for spatial data representation. – Centre for Advanced Spatial Methods Analysis. Working Papers, 3–19.
PAPAZOGLOU, F. (ed.) 1999, Epiri, Macedoniae, Thraciae, Scythiae. – Inscriptiones Graecae X II.2, Berlin.
PISO, I. 1991, Die Inschriften vom Pfaffenberg und der Beriech der Canabae legionis. – Tyche 6, 131–169.
PISO, I. 1995, Le territoire de la colonia Sarmizegetusa. – Ephemeris Napocensis 5, 63–82.
PLOYER, R. 2009, Veteranen im Hinterland von Carnuntum: das Gräberfeld von Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge und die Besiedlung des Leithagebietes in römischer Zeit. – In: A. Morillo, N. Hanel, E. Martín (eds.), LIMES XX: Estudios sobre la frontera romana (Roman Frontier Studies), 1437–1446, Madrid.
POPOVIĆ, V. 1967, Uvod u topografiju Viminaciuma. – Starinar 18, 29–49.
POUNDS, N. J. G. 1969, The Urbanization of the Clas- sical World. – Annals of the Association of American Geographers 59/1, 135–157.
RICH, J., A. WALLACE-HADRILL (eds.) 1991, City and country in the ancient world. – Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society 2, London.
SANTORO, S., A. MONTI 2008, The city of Durres and its history, between environmental evolution and cultural transformations. – In: J. Erzsébet, F. Redő, V. Szeverényi (eds.), On the Road to Reconstructing the Past. Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA). Proceedings of the 36th International Conference. Budapest, April 2–6, 2008, 491–495, Budapest.
SMITH, C. A. 1985, Theories and Measures of Urban Primacy: A Critique. – In: M. Timberlake (ed.), Ur- banization in the World Economy, 121–167, New York.
SUIĆ, M. 1981, Zadar u starom vijeku. – Zadar. TAČEVA, M. (ed.) 2004. Vlast i socium v rimska Trakija i Mizija. – Sofia.
TILLEY, C. 1994, A phenomenology of landscape: places, paths and monuments. – Berg.
TIMBERLAKE, M. (ed.) 1985, Urbanization in the World Economy. – New York.
TOMAS, A. 2007, Inter Moesos et Thraces. A contribution to the studies of the rural hinterland of Novae in Lower Moesia. – Archaeologia 58, 31–47.
VAN LEUSEN, M., V. GAFFNEY 1995, Postscript – GIS, environmental determinism and archaeology: a parallel text. – In: G. Lock, Z. Stančić (eds.) Archaeology and Geographic Information Systems: a European perspective, 367–382, London.
VAPNARSKY, C. A. 1969, On Rank-Size distributions of cities: an ecological approach. – Economic Development and Cultural Change 17/4, 584–595.
VERHAGEN, P. 2018, Spatial Analysis in Archaeology: Moving into New Territories. – In: C. Siart, M. Forbri- ger, O. Bubenzer (eds.), Digital Geoarchaeology. New Techniques for Interdisciplinary Human-Environmental Research, Natural Science in Archaeology, 11–25.
WHEATLEY, D. 2004, Making space for an archaeology of place. – Internet Archaeology 15. [https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/28800/].
WHITTAKER, R. C. 1994, Frontiers of the Roman Empire: a social and economic study. – Baltimore.
WIELOWIEJSKI, J. 1990, Carnuntum als Umschlagplatz römischer Importe nach dem Norden. – In: H. Vetters, M. Kandler (eds.), Akten des 14. Internationalen Limes- konresses 1986 in Carnuntum, 753–763, Wien.
WILKES, J. J. 1969, Dalmatia. – London.
WILKES, J. J. 2002, A roman colony and its people (c. 50 B.C. – c. A.D. 150). – In: E. Marin (ed.), Longae Salonae I, 87–105, Split.
ZOTOVIĆ, L., Č. JORDOVIĆ 1990, Viminacium1. Nekropola ‘Više Grobalja’. – Belgrade.
ZSIDI, P. 2003, Aquincum. Ergebnisse der topographischen
und siedlungshistorischen Forschungen in den Jahren 1969–1999. – In: M. Šašel-Kos, P. Scherrer (eds.), The Autonomous Towns of Noricum and Pannonia / Die autonomen Städte in Noricum und Pannonien. Pannonia II, 209–230, Situla 42.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Deljenje pod enakimi pogoji 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki
