About the arrow and boltheads from the area of medieval Škofja Loka
Keywords:
Slovenia; Škofja Loka; Loka Castle; Krancelj; Zgornji stolp; medieval period; movable inventory records; typology; arrowheads; boltheads; bow; crossbowAbstract
The article discusses the medieval crossbow bolthead that was found in the castle garden. The bolthead, which presumably originates from Loka Castle in Škofja Loka, represents merely a small fragment of the stock of weapons stored in Loka Castle in medieval times by the Freising bishops but which has not been preserved. The only evidence of its existence consists of records of movable inventory from the beginning of the 14th century.The article then presents arrow and boltheads for a bow and crossbow, and the problems of differentiating between them since each weapon required a specific type of projectile.The arrow and boltheads from the castle of Zgornji stolp on Krancelj, which came to light during the excavations in the years 1954-1955, were typologically classified into two basic types according to the shape of the shaft: Type I - tang arrowheads, and Type II - socketed arrowheads. Considering the shape of the leaf, each type was then classified into subtypes.Since we lack stratigraphic data for the material from Zgornji stolp on Krancelj, we could date the excavated arrow and boltheads to the period from the 12th to the beginning of the 16th century only with the aid of accompanying material and the time in which the castle was used. After the year 1511, the tower on Krancelj was abandoned.
Downloads
References
AVGUŠTIN, C. 1954, Zgornji stolp na Kranclju in nekdanja župna cerkev v Stari Loki. - Loški razgledi 1, 107-120.
BLAZNIK, P. 1973, Škofja Loka in Loško gospostvo (973-1803). - Škofja Loka.
BRESSAN, F. 1995-1996, Le cuspidi di freccia nel Friuli medievale. - Trieste (neobjavljeno diplomsko delo, Università degli studi di Trieste, Facoltà di lettere e filosofia).
BRIŠNIK, D. in T. RAVNIKAR 1999, Grad Šalek. - Velenje.
GUŠTIN, M., R. CUNJA in K. K. PREDOVNIK 1993, Podbočje, Stari grad. - Posavski muzej Brežice 9.
GUŠTIN, M., F. BRESSAN in B. KOMPLET 2001, Kovinske najdbe iz Celja. - V: Srednjeveško Celje, Archaeologia Historica Slovenica 3, 239-287.
KERMAN, B. 1997, Srednjeveška kovačnica in talilnica pri Gradu na Goričkem. - V: Drobci nekega vsakdana, Archaeologia Historica Slovenica 2, 141-159.
KRENN, M. 1985, Mittelalterliche Armbrustbolzen. - Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ur - und Frühgeschichte 35, 47-56.
METERC, J. 1985, Zasip pri Bledu. - Varstvo spomenikov 27, 288-290.
NABERGOJ, T. 1997, Stari grad nad Rogatcem nad Želimljami. - Varstvo spomenikov 36, 266, 290.
PREDOVNIK, K. K. 2001, Srednjeveška arheologija prostora ob Spodnji Krki (Najdišče Podbočje - Stari grad). - Ljubljana (neobjavljeno doktorsko delo, Univerza v ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za arheologijo).
PREDOVNIK, K. K. 2003, Trdnjava Kostanjevica na Starem gradu nad Podbočjem. - Archaeologia Historica Slovenica 4.
PŘIHODA, R. 1932, Zur Typologie und Chronologie mittelalterlicher Pfeilspitzen und Armbrustbolzeneisen. - Sudeta 8, 43-67.
REISP, B. 1984, Škofjeloški grad. - Kulturni in naravni spomeniki Slovenije 130.
RUTTKAY, A. 1976, Waffen und Reiterausrüstung des 9. bis zur ersten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts in der Slowakei (II). - Slovenská archeológia 24/2, 318-334.
SAGADIN, M. 1996, Mali grad v Kamniku. - Varstvo spomenikov37, 105-125.
SLABE, M. 1983, Smlednik - Stari grad. - Varstvo spomenikov25, 266-271.
SLABE, M, 1990, Kostanjevica na Krki. Arheološka raziskava avgusta 1986. - Varstvo spomenikov 32, 31-50.
STARE, V. 2002, Kovinski predmeti z jugovzhodnega dela naselja na Otoku pri Dobravi (Gutenwerth). - Argo 45/1, 2, 18-43.
STOPAR, I. 1998, Grajske stavbe v osrednji Sloveniji 1. Gorenjska3. Med Polhovim Gradcem in Smlednikom. - Ljubljana.
ŠRIBAR, V. 1979, Arheološko odkrivanje Otoka pri Dobravi - freisinškega trga Gutenwerth. Katalog kovinskega gradiva z izkopnega polja 1 iz leta 1968-1971, 2. - Ljubljana.
ŠRIBAR, V. in V. STARE 1981, Arheološko odkrivanje Otoka pri Dobravi - freisinškega trga Gutenwerth. Katalog kovinskega gradiva z izkopnega polja 2 iz let 1974-1976, 3. - Ljubljana.
ŠTUKL, F. 1964, Inventar škofjeloškega gradu iz leta 1315. - Loški razgledi 11, 205-208.
ŠTUKL, J. 2002, Arheološke raziskave srednjeveške Škofje Loke. - Ljubljana (neobjavljeno diplomsko delo, Univerza v ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za arheologijo).
ŠTUKL, J. 2004, Arheološke raziskave srednjeveške Škofje Loke. Katalog razstave. - Škofja Loka.
TANCIK, F. 1966, Orožje v škofjeloškem gradu v prvi četrtini 14. stoletja. - Loški razgledi 13, 44-66.
VALIČ, A. 1989, Potoče pri Preddvoru. - Varstvo spomenikov31, 256-258.
ZAHN, J. 1871, Codex diplomaticus Austriaco-Frisingensis 3. Fontes rerum Austriacarum 2. Diplomataria et acta. - Oesterrechische Geschichts-Quellen 36, Wien.
ZIMMERMANN, B. 2000, Mittelalterliche Geschossspitzen. Kulturhistorische, archäologische und archäometallurgische Untersuchungen. - Schweizer Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters 26.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter
