The worship of Savus and Nemesis in Andautonia
Keywords:
Andautonia; Roman Empire; Savus; Nemesis; topography; Roman port; amphitheatre; Zagreb regionAbstract
Two monuments from Andautonia, present-day Ščitarjevo near Zagreb, provide evidence of the cults attested at the Roman town and serve as guidelines to its topography: an altar dedicated to the river deity Savus and a stele with the relief of the goddess Nemesis. The position where the altar dedicated to Savus was found and the content of the inscription indicate the possible location of the town’s river-port. Monuments dedicated to Savus found along the river are associated with the profession of travellers seeking the protection of the river deity in their business ventures. The find from Andautonia attests to the role of the town in river traffic in Roman times. The depiction of Nemesis on a stele not only supports the conjecture of gladiatorial combats in Andautonia held in venues spe-cifically assigned for such events, but also suggests other aspects of the worship of Nemesis in Andautonia and testifies to the great importance of her cult. Inscriptions on both monuments provide additional information about the people and social groups connected with the cults of Savus and Nemesis in Andautonia.
Downloads
References
BASLER, Đ. 1975–1976, Rimski metalurški pogon i naselje u dolini Japre. – Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja Bosne i Hercegovine u Sarajevu 30/31, 121– 216.
BRUNŠMID, J. 1905, Kameni spomenici Hrvatskoga narod-noga muzeja u Zagrebu: nastavak. – Vjesnik hrvatskoga arheološkoga društva, n. s. 8.
BUÓCZ, T. 1994, Das Lapidarium des Savaria Museums. – Szombathely.
CAMBI, N., M. GLAVIČIĆ, D. MARŠIĆ, Ž. MILETIĆ and J. ZANINOVIĆ 2006, Amphitheatre at Burnum: excavations: 2003 – 2005. – Šibenik.
CECI, E. 1962, I monumenti pagani di Salona I. – Milano.
DEGMEDŽIĆ, I. 1957, Sadržaj antiknih kamenih spomenika nađenih u Zagrebu i okolici. – In: Iz starog i novog Zagreba, 91–117, Zagreb.
DOBÓ, Á. 1968, Die Verwaltung der römischen Provinz Pannonien von Augustus bis Diocletianus. – Amsterdam.
DULAR, J. 2009, Sava v bronasti in železni dobi. – In: Peternel 2009, 36–41.
DURMAN, A. 1992, O geostrateškom položaju Siscije (On geostrategic location of Siscia). – Opuscula archaeologica16, 117–131.
DURMAN, A. 2002, Iron resources and production for the Roman frontier in Pannonia. – Historical Metal-lurgy 36/1, 24–32.
FITZ, J. 1980, The way of life. – In: ARP 1980, 161–175.
FITZ, J. 2004, Gorsium. – In: Šašel Kos, Scherrer 2004, 197–207.
GÖMÖRI, J. 2003, Scarbantia. – In: Šašel Kos, Scherrer 2003, 81–92.
GREGL, Z. 1994, Antičko (rimsko) razdoblje / The Classical (Roman) period. – In: Rendić-Miočević 1994a, 33–36.
GROH, S. 2005, Amphitheater in Noricum. – Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 74, 85–102.
GUGL, C. 2001a, Nemesis in Virunum: Zwei neue Nemesis-Votivreliefs aus dem Amphitheater von Virunum. – Forum Archaeologiae, Zeitschrift für klassischeArchäologie18/III/2001, http://farch.net/ [retrieved on 09. 08. 2010].
GUGL, C. 2001b, Zwei Nemesis-Votivreliefs aus dem Amphitheater von Virunum. – Jahreshefte des Öster-reichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien 70, 35–49.
HÖNLE, A. 1984, Römische Amphitheater und Stadien: Gladiatorenkämpfe und Circusspiele. – Luzern.
HORNUM, M. B. 1993, Nemesis, the Roman state and the games. – Leiden, New York, Köln.
HORVAT, J. and B. MUŠIČ 2007, Nauportus, a commercial settlement between the Adriatic and the Danube. –In: M. Chiabà, P. Maggi, C. Magrini (eds.), Le Valli del Natisone e dell’Isonzo tra Centroeuropa e Adriatico. Atti del convegno internazionale di studi, San Pietro al Natisone (UD) 15–16 settembre 2006, Studie e ricerche sulla Gallia Cisalpina 20, 165–174, Trieste, Roma.
ILIĆ, M. 1993, Riječna luka u Zagrebu. – Geografski glasnik Hrvatskog geografskog društva 55, 203–211.
ISTENIČ, J. 2009, The early Roman military route along the river Ljubljanica (Slovenija). – In: A. Morillo, N.Hanel, E. Martín (eds.), Limes XX. XXth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies. Léon 2006, Anejos de Gladius 13/1, 855–865, Madrid.
JERNEJ, R. 2000, Ausgrabungen im Amphitheater von Virunum 1998 – 2000. – Forum Archaeologiae. Zeitschrift für klassische Archäologie 17/XII, http://farch.net/ [re-trieved on 09. 08. 2010].
JONES, A. H. M. 1964, The Later Roman Empire, 284-602: A Social, Economic, and Administrative Survey. – Baltimore.
KANDLER, M. 2004, Carnuntum. – In: Šašel Kos, Scher-rer 2004, 11–66.
KARAMAN, I. 1972, Privreda i društvo Hrvatske u 19. st. – Zagreb.
KARAMAN, I. 1989, Privredni život banske Hrvatske od 1700. do 1850. – Zagreb.
KARANASTASSI, P., F. RAUSA and L. M. A. LINANT DE BELLEFONDS 1992, Nemesis. – In: LIMC VI/1, 733–782.
KATANČIČ, M. P. 1795, Specimen philologiae et geographiae Pannoniorum in quo de origine lingua et literatura Croatorum, simul de Sisciae, Andautonii, Nevioduni, Poetovionis urbium in Pannonia olim celebrium et his intriectarum via militari mansionum situ disseritur auctore Math. Petro Katancsich in Archigymn. Zagreb. schol. human. professore p. o. – Zagreb.
KLEMENC, J. 1938, Archaeologische Karte von Jugoslavien: Blatt Zagreb. – Beograd.
KRAJŠEK, J. and P. STERGAR 2008, Keramika s svetiščnega območja v Podkraju pri Hrastniku / The pottery mate-rial from the sanctuary area at Podkraj near Hrastnik. – Arheološki vestnik 59, 245–277.
LASZOWSKI, E. (ed.) 1910, Povijest plem. općine Turopolja nekoč Zagrebačko polje zvane, vol. I. – Zagreb.
LASZOWSKI, E. (ed.) 1911, Povijest plem. općine Turopolja nekoč Zagrebačko polje zvane, vol. II. – Zagreb.
MANIGK, A. 1927, s.v. Societas. – In: RE III.A/1, 772–781.
MARCO SIMÓN, F. and I. RODÀ de LLANZA 2008, A Latin defixio (Sisak, Croatia) to the river god Savus
mentioning L. Licinius Sura, Hispanus. – Vjesnik Ar-heološkog muzeja u Zagrebu 41, 167–198.
MEIER, P. J. 1894, s.v. Amphitheatrum. – In: RE I.2, 1959–1962.
MÓCSY, A. 1959, Die Bevölkerung von Pannonien bis zu den Markomannenkriegen. – Budapest.
NEMETH-EHRLICH, D. and D. KUŠAN-ŠPALJ 2003, Municipium Andautonia. – In: Šašel Kos, Scherrer 2003, 107–129.
NEMETH-EHRLICH, D. and P. VOJVODA 1994, And-autonija – rimsko urbano središte / Andautonia – The Roman urban centre. – In: Rendić-Miočević 1994a, 39–45.
PETERNEL, J. (ed.) 2009, Ukročena lepotica – Sava in njene zgodbe. – Sevnica.
PETRU, S. 1990, Neviodunum – Drnovo. – In: Arheološka najdišča Dolenjske, 89–92, Novo Mesto.
PINTARIĆ, T. and I. KNEZOVIĆ 2005, Arheologija, Per-manent exhibition catalogue. – Velika Gorica.
PLANINC, A. 1914, Nekdanje brodarstvo po Savi. – Car-niola 5, 123–126.
PÓCZY, K. 1980, Pannonian cities. – In: ARP 1980, 239–274.
PUMN = BENIĆ-HLEBEC, N. et al. 1984, Plan uređenja manjeg naselja – Ščitarjevo, vol. I and II. – Zagreb.
RENDIĆ-MIOČEVIĆ, A. 1994, Katalog. – In: A. Rendić-Miočević (ed.), Zagreb prije Zagreba: arheološka baština Zagreba od prapovijesti do osnutka biskupije 1094. g. / Zagreb before Zagreb, The archaeological heritage of Zagreb from prehistory to the foundation of the bishopric in 1094. Exhibition catalogue, 117–118, 131–132, cat. no. 200 and 276, Zagreb.
RIĐANOVIĆ, J. 1993, Hidrogeografija. – Zagreb.
ROSSBACH, O. 1902, s. v. Nemesis. – In: W. H. Roscher (ed.), Ausfürliches Lexicon der griechischen und römischen Mythologie III. 1, 117–166, Leipzig.
SCHNEIDER, K. 1918, s.v. Gladiatores. – In: RE Suppl. III, 760–784.
STIGLITZ, H. 1970, s.v. Carnuntum. – In: RE Suppl. XII, 1575–1588.
SUIĆ, M. 2003, Antički grad na istočnom Jadranu. – Zagreb.
SZILÁGYI, J. 1968, s.v. Aquincum. – In: RE Suppl. XI, 61–139.
SZIRMAI, K. 2005, Fortuna-Nemesis statues in Aquin-cum. – In: M. Sanader, A. Rendić Miočević (eds.) 2005, Religija i mit kao poticaj rimskoj provincijalnoj plastici / Religion and myth as an impetus for the Roman provincial sculpture. Akti VIII. međunarodnog kolokvija o prob-lemima rimskog provincijalnog umjetničkog stvaralaštva/ The proceedings of the 8th International Colloquium on Problems of Roman Provincial Art, Zagreb, 5.-8. V. 2003, 287–291, Zagreb.
ŠARIĆ, I. 1986a, Zaštitno arheološko istraživanje lokaliteta »Kovnica« u Sisku 1985. godine. – Obavijesti hrvatskog arheološkog društva 18/1, 28–29.
ŠARIĆ, I. 1986b, Rimski brončani materijal izvađen iz rijeke Kupe kod Karlovca. – In: N. Majnarić-Pandžić (ed.), Arheološka istraživanja na karlovačkom i sisačkom području, Izdanja Hrvatskog arheološkog društva 10, 69–89.Knezovic_AV_61.indd 20010.11.2010 13:28:25
ŠAŠEL, J. 1970, s.v. Andautonia. – In: RE Suppl. XII, 71–72.
ŠAŠEL KOS, M. 1994, Savus and Adsalluta (Savus in Adsaluta), Arheološki vestnik 45, 99–122 (revised in Pre-Roman Divinities of the Eastern Alps and Adriatic[Situla 38], Ljubljana 1999, 93–119).
ŠAŠEL KOS, M. 2002, The Noarus River in Strabo’s Ge-ography. – Tyche 17, 145–153.
ŠAŠEL KOS, M. 2009, Reka kot božanstvo – Sava v antiki. – In: Peternel 2009, 42–50.
ŠAŠEL KOS, M. and P. SCHERRER (eds.) 2003, The au-tonomous towns of Noricum and Pannonia. Pannonia I. – Situla 41, Ljubljana.
ŠAŠEL KOS, M. and P. SCHERRER (eds.) 2004, The au-tonomous towns of Noricum and Pannonia. Pannonia II. – Situla 42, Ljubljana.
ŠTERC, S. 1979, Osnovne fizičkogeografske karakteristike savskog porječja između Radeča i Siska. – Radovi ge-ografskog odjela 14, 47–59.
TURK, P., J. ISTENIČ, T. KNIFIC and T. NABERGOJ (eds.) 2009, TheLjubljanica – a River and its Past. – Ljubljana.
VIKIĆ-BELANČIĆ, B. 1981, Etape urbanog razvitka Anadutonije i antičko nasljeđe Zagreba / Etapen der urbanen Entwicklung Andautoniens und der antike Erbteil Zagrebs. – In: Ž. Rapanić (ed.), Arheološka istraživanja u Zagrebu i njegovoj okolici, Izdanja Hr-vatskog arheološkog društva 6, 129–154.
VIKIĆ-BELANČIĆ, B. and M. GORENC 1984, Analiza i valorizacija prirodnog ambijenta naselja Andautonija – Ščitarjevo i prikaz kontinuiteta naseljenosti. – In:
PUMN I 1984.
VOJVODA, P. 1997, Arheologija – rimsko doba, Permanent exhibition catalogue. – Velika Gorica.
ZSIDI, P. 2004, Aquincum. – In: Šašel Kos, Scherrer 2004, 209–230
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter
