The fighting techniques of the Hallstatt period boxers: an attempt at reinterpretation of the situla art
Keywords:
Situla art, Hallstatt period, ancient Greece, boxing, martial arts, combat sport, ritualAbstract
The article attempts to reconstruct the fighting techniques of the boxers with dumbbells, as depicted in situla art. A comparative analysis of the historical development of boxing in Europe indicates that this Hallstatt period discipline in all probability did not differ greatly from similar martial sports known to the ancient Greeks, nor the later English bare knuckle boxing. The main difference was the use of dumbbells, which were evidently intended to weigh down the fists. In contrast to certain other researchers who have discussed this theme, it is considered that Hallstatt boxing represented a technically sophisticated martial art whose aim was to physically defeat or incapacitate the opponent, and not merely a skillful game of knocking the dumbbells out of the opponent’s hands.
Downloads
References
BRADAČ, F. (prev.) 1992, Vergil, Eneida. – Ljubljana.
BROWN, T. 1997, English Martial Arts. – Hockwold.
DEMPSEY, J. 1950, Championship Fighting. – London.
DUCATI, P. 1970, La situla della Certosa. – Roma.
FAIRBAIRN, W. E. 1942, All-In Fighting. – London.
FEWTRELL, T. 1790, Boxing Reviewed. The Science of Manual Defence. – London.
FOGOLARI, de’ G. 1962a, Orientalna komponenta v situlski umetnosti. – V: Umetnost alpskih Ilirov in Venetov. Situle od Pada do Donave, 9–21, Ljubljana.
FOGOLARI, de’ G. 1962b, Die orientalisierende Komponente in der Situlenkunst. – V: Situlenkunst zwischen Po und Donau. Verzierte Bronzearbeiten aus dem ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr., 62–71, Wien.
FRELIH, M. 1989, O motivu dveh boksarjev v situlski umetnosti. – Zbornik za umetnostno zgodovino 25, 99–114.
FRELIH, M. 1998, Mitološki in religiozni substrat starih sredozemskih kultur v motiviki situle z Vač. – Argo 41, 20–29.
FREY, O.-H. 1962, Die Situla von Kuffarn. – Veröffentlichung aus dem Naturhist. Museum Wien, N. F. 4, 3 ss.
GALE, J. 1997, Boks. Skrivnosti plemenite umetnosti. – Ljubljana.
GEORGIOU, A. V. 2005, Pankration - An Olympic Combat Sport. – New Jersey.
GUHL, E. in KONER, W. 1994, The Greeks. Their Life and Customs. – Twickenham.
HIRTZEL, F. A. (ur. /ed.) 1942, Vergilius Maro, P., P. Vergilii Maronis opera. – Oxford.
HUTH, C. 2003, Menschenbilder und Menschenbild. Anthropomorphe Bildwerke der frühen Eisenzeit. – Berlin.
HUTTON, A. 1892, Old Sword-Play. – London.
KASTELIC, J. 1962a, Umetnost situl od Pada do Donave. – V: Umetnost alpskih Ilirov in Venetov. Situle od Pada do Donave, 31–59, Ljubljana.
KASTELIC, J. 1962b, Die Situlenkunst vom Po bis Donau. – V: Situlenkunst zwischen Po und Donau. Verzierte Bronzearbeiten aus dem ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr.,19–55, Wien.
KEEN, M. 1999, Das Rittertum. – Düsseldorf.
KROMER, K. 1962a, Pripombe h kronologiji situlskih spomenikov. – V: Umetnost alpskih Ilirov in Venetov. Situle od Pada do Donave, 23–29, Ljubljana.
KROMER, K. 1962b, Zur Chronologie der Situlendenkmäler. – V: Situlenkunst zwischen Po und Donau. Verzierte Bronzearbeiten aus dem ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr.,72–80, Wien.
LAUERMANN, E. 1997, Überblick über Kampf und Bewaffnung von der Urgeschichte bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. – V: H. Windl (ur.), Waffen und deren Wirkung in Ur- und Frühgeschichte: gegeneinander – nebeneinander – miteinander, Katalog des NÖ Landesmuseums, N. F. 414, 112–43.
LUCKE, W. in O.-H. FREY 1962, Die Situla in Providence (Rhode Island). Ein Beitrag zur Situlenkunst des Osthallstattkreises. – Römisch-Germanische Forschungen 26.
McCAUSLIN MOYNAHAN, J. 1963. The Yawara Stick and Police Baton. – Springfield.
MURRAY, A. T. (prev. / transl.) 1947, Homer, The Iliad II. – Cambridge, London.
OAKESHOTT, E. 1996, The Archaeology of Weapons. Arms and Armour from Prehistory to the Age of Chivalry. – Mineola.
PRICE, E. 1867, The Science of Self-Defence. – New York.
SOVRE, A. (prev.) 1965, Homer, Iliada. – Ljubljana.
SCHMID, W. 1933, Die Fürstengräber von Klein Glein in Steiermark. – Prähistorische Zeitschrift 24, 219–282.
SWADDLING, J. 1992, The Ancient Olympic Games. – London.
TORBRÜGGE, W. 1987, Nastajanje Evrope. – Umetnost v slikah 3, Ljubljana.
TURK, P. 2005a, Podobe življenja in mita. – Ljubljana.
TURK, P. 2005b, Images of Life and Myth. – Ljubljana.
ZIMMERMANN, E. 2003, Fighten. Faustkampf in der Situlenkunst - Kampf der Fäuste (Boksanje v situlski umetnosti - boj s pestmi). – Arheološki vestnik 54, 225–241.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter
