The usefulness of unsupervised classification methods for landscape typification: The case of Slovenia

Drago Perko; Rok Ciglič; Mauro Hrvatin

doi:10.3986/AGS.7377

Avtorji

Drago Perko Anton Melik geographical institute Research centre of the Slovenian academy of sciences and arts
Rok Ciglič
Mauro Hrvatin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.7377

Ključne besede:

geografija, geografski informacijski sistem, modeliranje, klasifikacija, pokrajinska tipizacija, Slovenija

Povzetek

Metode nadzorovane in nenadzorovane klasifikacije so lahko koristno orodje pri določanju različnih geografskih prostorskih delitev, še posebej pri regionalizacijah in tipizacijah. Ker je Slovenija geografsko zelo raznolika, so njene delitve še posebej velik in zanimiv raziskovalni izziv. Glavni namen članka je ugotoviti učinkovitost metod nenadzorovane klasifikacije, zato primerjamo uveljavljeno pokrajinsko tipizacijo Slovenije iz leta 1996 s pokrajinskimi tipizacijami, ki smo jih modelirali z različnimi metodami nenadzorovane klasifikacije. Naši rezultati kažejo, da se pokrajinske tipizacije, modelirane z metodami nenadzorovane klasifikacije, izvirni pokrajinski tipizaciji Slovenije ne približajo tako dobro, kot pokrajinske tipizacije, modelirane z metodami naključne in ekspertne nadzorovane klasifikacije.

Prenosi

Podatki o prenosih še niso na voljo.

Literatura

Abonyi, J., Feil, B. 2007: Cluster analysis for data mining and system identification. Basel, Boston, Berlin, Birkhäuser.

Bailey, R. G. 1996: Ecosystem geography. New York.

Bastian, O. 2000: Landscape classification in Saxony (Germany) – a tool for holistic regional planning. Landscape and urban planning 50, 1–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00086-4

Bernert, J. A., Eilers, J. M., Freemark, K. E., Ribic, C. 1997: A quantitative method for delineating regions: An example for the western Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion of the USA. Environmental Management 21-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s002679900038

Brabyn, L. 1998: GIS analysis of macro landform. 10th colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre, University of Otago. Dunedin.

Brabyn, L. 2018: NZ Landscape classification version II. Internet: https://www.waikato.ac.nz/eri/about/people/larsb/New-Zealand-Landscape-Classification-v2.1.pdf (16. 12. 2018).

Bunce, R. G. H, Barr, C. J., Clarke, R. T., Howard, D. C., Lane, A. M. J. 1996: Land classification for strategic ecological survey. Journal of environmental management 47-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1996.0034

Ciglič, R. 2012: Evaluation of digital data layers for establishing natural landscape types in Slovenia. Landscapes: Perception, knowledge, awareness, and action. Proceedings of the FG-SHU International Symposium on Geography. New York.

Ciglič, R. 2013: Uporaba geografskih informacijskih sistemov za določanje naravnih pokrajinskih tipov Slovenije. Ph.D. thesis, Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta. Ljubljana.

Ciglič, R. 2014: Analiza naravnih pokrajinskih tipov Slovenije z GIS-om. Geografija Slovenije 28. Ljubljana.

Ciglič, R. 2018: Assessing the impact of input data incongruity in selected quantitative methods for modelling natural landscape typologies. Geografski vestnik 90-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/GV90107

Ciglič, R., Geršič, M., Perko, D., Zorn, M. (eds.) 2016: Digitalni podatki. GIS v Sloveniji 13. Ljubljana.

Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2012: Slovenia in geographical typifications and regionalizations of Europe. Geografski vestnik 84-1.

Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2013: Europe's landscape hotspots. Acta geographica Slovenica 53-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS53106

Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2015: Modelling as a method for evaluating natural landscape typology: The case of Slovenia. Landscape Analysis and Planning. Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13527-4

Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2017: A method for evaluating raster data layers according to landscape classification scale. Ecological Informatics 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2017.03.004

Ciglič, R., Perko, D., Hrvatin, M., Štrumbelj, E. 2017: Modeling and evaluating older landscape classifications with modern quantitative methods. From pattern and process to people and action. Ghent.

Clark, A. N. 1998: The Penguin dictionary of geography. London.

Demeritt, D., Wainwright, J. 2005: Models, modelling and geography. Questioning geography: fundamental Debates. Malden.

Dikau, R., Brabb, E. E., Mark, R. K. 1991: Landform classification of New Mexico by computer. Menlo Park.

Dodge, Y. 2008: The concise encyclopedia of statistics. New York.

Eastman, J. R. 2016: TerrSet. Geospatial Monitoring and Modeling System. Manual. Worcester.

Ellison, A. M. 2010: Repeatability and transparency in ecological research. Ecology 91-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0032.1

Ferligoj, A. 1989: Razvrščanje v skupine. Teorija in uporaba v družboslovju. Ljubljana.

Gabrovec, M., Hrvatin, M. 1998: Površje. Geografski atlas Slovenije. Ljubljana.

Gallant, A. L., Douglas, D. B., Hoffer, R. M. 2005: Automated mapping of Hammond's landforms. IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters 2-4. Piscataway.

Gams, I. 1983: Geografske značilnosti Slovenije. Ljubljana.

Gams, I. 1984: Metodologija geografske razčlenitve ozemlja. Geografski vestnik 56.

Gams, I. 1998: Pokrajinsko ekološka sestava Slovenije. Geografija Slovenije. Ljubljana.

Gams, I., Kladnik, D., Orožen Adamič, M. 1995: Naravnogeografske regije Slovenije. Krajevni leksikon Slovenije. Ljubljana.

Haggett, P. 2001: Geography: a global synthesis. Harlow.

Hammond, E. H. 1964: Analysis of properties in landform geography: An application to broadscale landform mapping. Annals of Association of American Geographers 54-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1964.tb00470.x

Hazeu, G. W., Metzger, M. J., Mücher, C. A., Perez-Soba, M., Renetzeder, C., Andersen, E. 2011: European environmental stratifications and typologies: An overview. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment 142, 1–2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.01.009

Hrvatin, M., Perko, D. 2012: Morphological typifications of Slovenia’s surface using global classification methods. Geografski vestnik 84-1.

Ilešič, S. 1956: Slovenske pokrajine. Geografski obzornik 3-2.

Ilešič, S. 1958: Problemi geografske rajonizacije ob primeru Slovenije. Geografski vestnik 29-30.

Iwahashi, J., Pike, R. J. 2006: Automated classifications of topography from DEMs by an unsupervised nested-means algorithm and a three-part geometric signature. Geomorphology 86, 3–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.09.012

Jiang, B., Ding, X., Ma, L., He, Y., Wang, T., Xie, W. 2008: A hybrid feature selection algorithm: combination of symmetrical uncertainty and genetic algorithms. Optimization and systems biology. Lijiang.

Jongman, R. H. G., Bunce, R. G. H., Metzger, M. J., Mücher, C. A., Howard, D. C., Mateus, V. L. 2006: Objectives and applications of a statistical environmental stratification of Europe. Landscape Ecology 21-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-6428-0

Kladnik, D. 1996: Naravnogeografske členitve Slovenije. Geografski vestnik 68.

Kladnik, D., Perko, D., Urbanc, M. 2009: Cultural landscapes in Slovenia from geographical perspective. Cultural landscape – Across disciplines. Kraków.

Loveland, T. R., Merchant, J. M. 2004: Ecoregions and ecoregionalization: geographical and ecological perspectives. Environmental Management 34-S1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-5181-x

McGarigal, K., Cushman, S., Stafford, S. 2000: Multivariate statistics for wildlife and ecology research. New York.

McMahon, G., Wiken, E. B., Gauthier, D. A. 2004: Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions. Environmental Management 34-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0170-2

Melik, A. 1935: Slovenija – geografski opis. Ljubljana.

Melik, A. 1946: Prirodnogospodarska sestava Slovenije. Geografski vestnik 18.

Mücher, C. A., Bunce, R. G. H., Jongman, R. H. G., Klijn, J. A., Koomen, A. J. M., Metzger, M. J., Wascher, D. M. 2003: Identification and characterisation of environments and landscapes in Europe. Alterra rapport 832. Wageningen.

Natek, K. 1993: Tipi površja v Sloveniji. Geografski obzornik 40-4.

Natek, K., Žiberna, I. 2004: Naravnogeografske regionalizacije Slovenije. Teorija in praksa regionalizacije Slovenije. Maribor.

Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnut, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001: Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: a new map of life on earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience 51-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2

Oštir, K. 2006: Daljinsko zaznavanje. Ljubljana.

Pan-European Biological and Landscape diversity strategy, 1996. Internet: http://www.unibuc.ro/prof/patru-stupariu_i_g/docs/2014/noi/03_11_52_38paneurop_strategie.pdf (12. 12. 2018).

Perko, D. 1998: Regionalizacija Slovenije. Geografski zbornik 38.

Perko, D. 2001: Analiza površja Slovenije s stometrskim digitalnim modelom reliefa. Geografija Slovenije 3. Ljubljana.

Perko, D. 2007: Landscapes. Slovenia in focus. Ljubljana.

Perko, D., Hrvatin, M. 2009: Določanje morfoloških enot površja v Sloveniji s prirejeno Hammondovo metodo. Geografski vestnik 81-2.

Perko, D., Hrvatin M., Ciglič, R. 2015: A methodology for natural landscape typification of Slovenia. Acta geographica Slovenica 55-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.1938

Plut, D. 1999: Regionalizacija Slovenije po sonaravnih kriterijih. Geografski vestnik 71.

Plut, D. 2005: Teoretična in vsebinska zasnova trajnostno sonaravnega napredka. Dela 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4312/dela.23.59-113

Pravilnik o določanju in vodenju bonitete zemljišč. Uradni list Republike Slovenije 47/2008. Ljubljana.

Richards, J., Jia, X. 2006: Remote sensing digital image analysis: an introduction. Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30062-2

Rogerson, P. A. 2006: Statistical methods for geography: a student guide. London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi.

Romportl, D., Chuman, T. 2012: Proposal method of landscape typology in the Czech Republic. Journal of landscape ecology 5-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10285-012-0057-5

Runhaar, H. J., Udo de Haes, H. A. 1994: The use of site factors as classification characteristiccs for ecotopes. Ecosystem classification for environmental management. Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1384-9_7

Špes, M., Cigale, D., Lampič, B., Natek, K., Plut, D., Smrekar, A. 2002: Študija ranljivosti okolja. Geographica Slovenica 35, 1–2. Ljubljana.

TerrSet Help System. Clark Labs. Worcester, 2015. Internet: http://clarklabssf.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/TerrSet-Help-System.zip (12. 12. 2018).

Tirelli, T., Pessani, D. 2011: Importance of feature selection in decision-tree and artificial-neural-network ecological applications. Alburnus alburnus alborella: A practical example. Ecological Informatics 6-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.11.001

The European Landscape Convention. Internet: https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/home (10. 9. 2018).

Theodoridis, S., Koutroumbas, K. 2006: Pattern recognition. San Diego.

Udo de Haes, H. A., Klijn, F. 1994: Environmental policy and ecosystem classification. Ecosystem classification for environmental management. Dordrecht. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1384-9_1

Verbič, T. 1998: Kamnine. Geografski atlas Slovenije. Ljubljana.

Warner, T. A., Campagna, D. J. 2009: Remote sensing with Idrisi® Taiga. A beginner’s guide. Hong Kong.

Whittow, J. B. 2000: Dictionary of physical geography. London.

Zupančič, M., Marinček, L., Puncer, I., Seliškar, A. 1998: Potencialno naravna vegetacija. Geografski atlas Slovenije. Ljubljana.