Kulturna dediščina prve svetovne vojne
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio20184701Ključne besede:
First World War, monument, commemoration, heroes // prva svetovna vojna, spomenik, komemoracija, junakiPovzetek
The First World War—also known as the Great War, which lasted from 1914 to 1918—left a significant mark on the twentieth century. It radically changed the demographic composition of Europe (about seventeen million people were killed), resulted in the dissolution of four empires (Austria-Hungary, Russia, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire), had a crucial impact on European values, inspired the search for the new man during the interwar period, and ultimately significantly influenced the shaping, perception, and reception of cultural heritage. Upon the hundredth anniversary of the war’s end, it is worth revisiting certain fundamental starting points and objectivizations—that is, chronotopes—of the First World War from the perspective of ethnology and cultural anthropology. This study thus focuses on three segments or perspectives: 1) the recording of memories or symbolization on monuments and graves; 2) the representation, understanding, and use of heroes, or the main social actors, as well as past and contemporary commemorations; and 3) the interpretations and reinterpretations of cultural and natural environments.
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Prva svetovna vojna ali Velika vojna od 1914 do 1918 je bistveno zaznamovala 20. stoletje. Usodno je vplivala na demografsko podobo Evrope, saj je umrlo okrog 17 milijonov ljudi, na konec štirih imperijev (Avstro-Ogrske, Rusije, Nemčije in Osmanskega cesarstva); usodno je vplivala na njene vrednote in na iskanje po novem človeku med obema vojnama, naposled na oblikovanje, percepcijo in recepcijo kulturne dediščine. Ob stoletnici zato velja z etnološkega in kulturnoantropološkega vidika na novo premisliti nekatera temeljna izhodišča in objektivacije, drugače povedano, označevanja kronotopov prve svetovne vojne. V raziskavi je zato poudarek na treh segmentih oz. pogledih: prvi (1) je zapisovanje spomina oz. simbolizacija, ki jo razbiramo na spomenikih, grobovih in drugo; pomembno (2) je odtiskovanje, razumevanje in raba junakov, glavnih socialnih akterjev; izhodišče so tudi nekdanje in sodobne komemoracije, predmet spora ali sprave in soglasja, da je bila nesmiselna; končno (3) gre za interpretacije in reinterpretacije kulturnih in naravnih prostorov, zaznamovanih s prvo svetovno vojno.
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