Transformation of the Jeruzalem Hills cultural landscape with modern vineyard terraces

Primož Pipan; Žiga Kokalj

doi:10.3986/AGS.4629

Avtorji

Primož Pipan Anton Melik Geographical Institute Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Gosposka ulica 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana
Žiga Kokalj Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.4629

Ključne besede:

geography, terraces, terraced landscape, transformation of cultural landscape, visual interpretation of lidar, Jeruzalem Hills, Slovenia

Povzetek

The terraced landscape in the Jeruzalem Hills is the result of specific socioeconomic conditions under communism, and now its appearance is drastically changing for the second time in the last fifty years. This article examines the creation of the new landscape layer of modern cultivated terraces and studies their disappearance and the return to a condition similar to the original state. The analysis is based on interviews and visual interpretation of aerial laser scanning (lidar) data. It focuses on the state of the landscape before terracing, the creation of terraces and formation of a terraced landscape, and its most recent transformation into slopes without terraces. It is determined that, despite the recognized aesthetic value of terraces, legal protection in the form of a nature park has not impacted their preservation because 56% of them have already been leveled. With the conversion of vineyards to vertical plantations, a new challenge is arising: increased erosion.

Prenosi

Podatki o prenosih še niso na voljo.

Literatura

Antrop, M. 2005: Why landscapes of the past are important for the future? Landscape and Urban Planning 70-1/2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.002

Ažman Momirski, L., Kladnik, D., Komac, B., Petek, F., Repolusk, P., Zorn, M. 2008: Terasirana pokrajina Goriških brd. Geografija Slovenije 17. Ljubljana.

Ažman Momirski, L., Kladnik, D. 2009: Terraced landscapes in Slovenia. Acta geographica Slovenica 49-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS49101

Ažman Momirski, L., Kladnik, D. 2015: The terraced landscape in the Brkini Hills. Acta geographica Slovenica 55-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.1627

Belec, B. 1968: Ljutomersko Ormoške gorice. Maribor.

Bračič, V. 1976: Viničarstvo. Gorice in vino. Ptuj.

Brenholc, V. 2014: Vincenc Brenholc, Jeruzalem (p.c.: 3. 4. 2014).

Breg Valjavec, M. 2014. Detection of former landfills in gravel plain using geomorphometric analysis and High-Resolution LiDAR DTM. Acta geographica Slovenica 54-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS54106

Dejanska raba kmetijskih zemljišč. Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo, gozdarstvo in prehrano Republike Slovenije. Ljubljana, 2012.

Denevan, W. M. 1988: Measurement of abandoned terracing from air photos: Colca Valley, Peru. Yearbook, Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers 14. Austin.

Erhartič, B. 2009: Terase Jeruzalemskih goric kot krajinska vrednota, Pomurje – Trajnostni regionalni razvoj ob reki Muri, 20. zborovanje slovenskih geografov. Ljubljana, Murska Sobota.

García-Ruiz, J. M., Lana-Renault, N. 2011: Hydrological and erosive consequences of farmland abandonment in Europe, with special reference to the Mediterranean region: A review. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 140-3/4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.01.003

Goodman Elgar, M. 2008: Evaluating soil resilience in long-term cultivation: a study of pre-Columbian terraces from the Paca Valley, Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science 35-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.JAS.2008.06.003

Guillet, D., Browman, D. L., D'Altroy, T. N., Hunt, R. C., Knapp, G. W., Lynch, T. F., Mitchell, W. P., Oliver-Smith, A., Parsons, J. R., Quilter, J., Sherbondy, J. E.,Treacy, J. 1987: Terracing and Irrigation in the Peruvian Highlands. Current Antrophology 28-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/203546

Herga, M. 2014: Mitja Herga, manager of the companies Puklavec & Friends Jeruzalem Ormož in Puklavec & Friends Jeruzalem Ljutomer (p.c.: 2. 4. 2014).

Informacijsko dokumentacijski center za dediščino. Direktorat za kulturno dediščino. Ministrstvo za kulturo (1. 7. 2016).

Karba, K. 2001: Viničarstvo na Kogu. Zgodovinski listi 10-1.

Kendall, A. 2012: The importance and implications of the pre-hispanic terrace systems in the highlands of Peru: A way to food support and adaptation to climate changes. First terraced landscapes conference (Honghe – China). Kunming.

Kert, B. 1998: Slovenske gorice. Slovenija ‒ pokrajine in ljudje. Ljubljana.

Kladnik, D., Perko, D. (ed.), Ciglič, R. (ed.), Geršič, M. (ed.) 2016: Terasirane pokrajine. Ljubljana.

Kladnik, D., Šmid Hribar, M., Geršič, M. 2017: Terraced landscapes as protected cultural heritage sites. Acta geographica Slovenica 57-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.4628

Kokalj, Ž., Zakšek, K., Oštir, K. 2011: Application of sky-view factor for the visualization of historic landscape features in lidar-derived relief models. Antiquity 85-327. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00067594

Komac, B. 2009: Social memory and geographical memory of natural disasters. Acta Geographica Slovenica 49-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS49107

Križaj Smrdel, H. 2010: Kulturne terase v slovenskih pokrajinah. Dela 34. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.34.3.39-60

Lasanta, T., Arnaéz, J., Ruiz Flaño, P., Lana-Renault Monreal, N. 2013: Agricultural terraces in the Spanish mountains: an abandoned landscape and a potential resource. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles 63.

Luskovič, T., Sakelšek, C. 1994: Ljutomersko-Ormoške gorice. Vodnik po slovenskih vinorodnih okoliših. Ljubljana.

Oblak, B. 2005: Nastanek in razvoj Kmetijskega kombinata Jeruzalem Ormož do združitve s Slovinom. Ormož skozi stoletja 5. Ormož.

Odlok o razglasitvi in zavarovanju naravnih območij in spomenikov narave na območju občine Ljutomer. Uradne objave 14. Ljutomer, 1976.

Odlok o razglasitvi naravnih znamenitosti v občini Ormož. Uradni vestnik občin Ormož in Ptuj 37. Ptuj, 1992.

Pavličič, S. 2016: Srečko Pavličič, head librarian at the Ljutomer General Library (p.c.: 6. 1. 2016).

Prapotnik, S. 2014: Slavko Prapotnik, Kog (p.c.: 3. 4. 2014).

Ramšak, M. 1996: Življenjski pogoji viničarjev v Svečinskih goricah pred 2. svetovno vojno. Etnolog 6.

Register nepremične kulturne dediščine. Ministrstvo za kulturo. Ljubljana. Internet: http://giskd6s.situla.org/giskd/ (1. 3. 2015).

Simonič Roškar, M. 2003: Viničarstvo v Halozah in Slovenskih goricah v drugi polovici 19. stol. do prenehanja viničarstva v letih po koncu druge svetovne vojne. Zbornik Pokrajinskega muzeja Ptuj 1.

Smrekar, A., Polajnar Horvat, K., Erhartič, B. 2016: The beauty of landforms. Acta geographica Slovenica 56-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.3039

Smrekar, A., Zorn, M., Komac, B. 2016: Bojan Erhartič's contribution to geography. Acta geographica Slovenica 56-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.3633

Stanchi, S., Freppaz, M., Agnelli, A., Reinsch, T., Zanini, E. 2012: Properties, best management practices and conservation of terraced soils in Southern Europe (from Mediterranean areas to the Alps): A review. Quaternary International 265. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2011.09.015

Šmid Hribar, M., Geršič, M., Pipan, P., Repolusk, P., Tiran, J., Topole, M., Ciglič, R. 2017: Cultivated terraces in Slovenian landscapes. Acta geographica Slovenica 57-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.4597

Šmid Hribar, M., Ledinek Lozej, Š. 2013: The role of identifying and managing cultural values in rural development. Acta Geographica Slovenica 53-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS53402

Špulerová, J., Dobrovodská, M., Štefunková, D., Kenderessy, P., Izsóff, M. 2017: Terraced landscapes in Slovakia. Acta geographica Slovenica 57-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS.4674

Štajnbaher, S. 2016: head of the Maribor branch office of the Slovenian Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage (Območna enota Maribor Zavoda za varstvo kulturne dediščine Slovenije) (p.c.: 1. 7. 2016).

Štrakl, F., Žličar, F. 2016: Franc Štrakl in Franc Žličar, managers of the former company VŽK Ljutomer (p.c.: 6. 1. 2016).

Thornton, J. 1999: Sourcebook of alternative technologies for freshwater augmentation in Africa. Internet: http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/TechPublications/TechPub-8a/ (5. 5. 2016).

Urbanc, M. 2002: Kulturne pokrajine v Sloveniji. Geografija Slovenije 5. Ljubljana.

Urbanc, M., Printsmann, A., Palang, H., Skowronek, E., Woloszyn, W., Konkoly Gyuró, É. 2004: Comprehension of rapidly transforming landscapes of Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th century = Razumevanje hitro spreminjajočih se pokrajin v sreednji in vzhodni Evropi v 20. stoletju. Acta geographica Slovenica 44-2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS44204

Vočanec, J. 2014: Janko Vočanec, Jeruzalem (p.c.: 3. 4. 2014).

Žiberna, I. 2015: Spreminjanje rabe tal v Vzhodnih Ljutomersko-Ormoških goricah v obdobju 2000‒2015 v povezavi z izbranimi fizično geografskimi značilnostmi. Revija za geografijo 10-2.