Pokrajinske vroče točke Evrope
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS53106Ključne besede:
geografija, pokrajinska vroča točka, naravna pokrajina, raznolikost, geografski informacijski sistem, Evropa, Slovenija, NorveškaPovzetek
Namen analize je poiskati območja v Evropi, ki so z vidika različnih naravnopokrajinskih tipov in regij izjemno raznolika. V prispevku smo za določitev »pokrajinskih vročih točk« analizirali različne geografske členitve Evrope. V analizo smo večino Evrope vključili v 5 km ločljivosti. Najprej smo na podlagi vključenih pokrajinskih klasifikacij izdelali zemljevide pokrajinske raznolikosti. vsako celico smo prešteli število različnih naravnopokrajinskih tipov oziroma regij, ki so v okolici celice v razdalji 50km, in izdelali več zemljevidov pokrajinske raznolikosti. Vsakega smo obtežili tako, da smo vrednosti celic delili s številom vseh različnih tipov oziroma regij v členitvi. V zadnjem koraku smo iz vseh zemljevidov raznolikosti izračunali zemljevid s povprečnimi vrednostmi, ki prikazuje pokrajinsko raznolikost Evrope. Nato smo na podlagi tega podatka določili pokrajinske vroče točke Evrope in ugotovili najbolj raznolike države. Med vsemi evropskimi državami ima največjo povprečno pokrajinsko raznolikost prav Slovenija, sploh največ ja pokrajinska raznolikost pa je značilna za norveško ozemlje na jugu Skandinavskega polotoka.
Prenosi
Literatura
Axelsson, R., Angelstam, P., Törnblom, J. 2010: Development of integrative landscape research towards problem-oriented science. Landscape structures, functions and management: response to global ecological change: book of abstracts. Praha.
Bailey, R. G. 1996: Ecosystem geography. New York.
Bastian, O. 2000: Landscape classification in Saxony (Germany) – a tool for holistic regional planning. Landscape and urban planning 50-1–3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(00)2900086-4
Bernert, J. A., Eilers, J. M., Sullivan, T. J., Freemark, K. E., Ribic, C. 1997: A Quantitative Method for Delineating Regions: An Example for the Western Corn Belt Plains Ecoregion of the USA. Environmental Management 21-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900038
Biogeographical regions, Europe (version 2011). European Environmental Agency. Internet: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/biogeographical-regions-euro. (20. 2. 2013).
Brabyn, L. 2009: NZ Landscape Classification Version II (Introduction). Internet: http://www.waikato.ac.nz/wfass/subjects/geography/people/lars/landscape/. (16. 10. 2009).
Breskvar Žaucer, L., Marušič, J. 2006: Analiza krajinskih tipov z uporabo umetnih nevronskih mrež. Geodetski vestnik 50-2. Ljubljana.
Bryan, B. A. 2006: Synergistic techniques for better understanding and classifying the environmental structure of landscapes. Environmental Management 37-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0058-1
Burrough, P. A., Wilson, J. P., van Gaans, P. F. M., Hansen, A. J. 2001: Fuzzy k-means classification of topo-climatic data as an aid to forest mapping in the Greater Yellowstone Area, USA. Landscape ecology 16-6.
Castillo-Rodríguez, M., López-Blanco, J., Muñoz-Salinas, E. 2010: A geomorphologic GIS-multivariate analysis approach to delineate environmental units, a case study of La Malinche volcano (central México). Applied Geography 30-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.01.003
Ciglič, R. 2009: Slovenija v naravnogeografskih členitvah Evrope. Geografski vestnik 81-2. Ljubljana.
Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2012: Slovenia in geographical typifications and regionalizations of Europe. Geografski vestnik 84-1. Ljubljana.
Ciglič, R., Perko, D. 2013: Europe's landscape hotspots. Geography: linking tradition and future: Conference programme. Brugge.
Demeritt, D., Wainwright, J. 2005. Models, modelling and geography. Questioning geography: fundamental Debates. Malden.
Diekmann, M. 1994: Deciduous forest vegetation in Boreo-nemoral Scandinavia. Acta phytogeographica suecica 80. Uppsala.
Digital map of European ecological regions. European environmental agency. Internet: http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/digital-map-of-european-ecol. (19. 3. 2013).
Dramstad, W. E., Fry, G., Fjellstad, W. J., Skar, B., Helliksen, W., Sollund, M.-L. B., Tveit, M. S., Geelmuyden, A. K., Framstad, E. 2001: Integrating landscape-based values–Norwegian monitoring of agricultural landscapes. Landscape and Urbana Planning 57-3–4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00208-0
Erhartič, B. 2012: Geomorfološka dediščina v Dolini Triglavskih jezer. Geografija Slovenije 23. Ljubljana.
Gams, I. 1998: Lega Slovenije v Evropi in med njenimi makroregijami. Geografija Slovenije. Ljubljana.
Gray, M. 2004: Geodiversity, valuing and conserving abiotic nature. London.
Haggett, P. 2001: Geography: a global synthesis. Harlow.
Hargrove, W. W., Hoffman, F. M. 2005: Potential of multivariate quantitative methods for delineation and visualization of ecoregions. Environmental management 34-S1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-1084-0
Hazeu, G. W., Metzger, M. J., Mücher, C. A., Perez-Soba, M., Renetzeder, C., Andersen, E., 2010. European environmental stratifications and typologies: An overview. Agriculture, ecosystems and environment 142-1–2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.01.009
Hou, W., Walz, U. 2013: Enhanced analysis of landscape structure: Inclusion of transition zones and small-scale landscape elements. Ecological Indicators (in press). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.11.014
Jongman, R. H. G., Bunce, R. G. H., Metzger, M. J., Mücher, C. A., Howard, D. C., Mateus, V. L. 2006: Objectives and applications of a statistical environmental stratification of Europe. Landscape Ecology 21-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-005-6428-0
Leathwick, J. R., Overton McC., J., McLeod, M. 2003: An environmental domain classification of New Zealand and its use as a tool for biodiversity management. Conservation biology 17-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2003.00469.x
Loveland, T. R., Merchant, J. M. 2004: Ecoregions and ecoregionalization: geographical and ecological perspectives. Environmental Management 34-S1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-5181-x
Melik, A. 1935: Slovenija, Geografski opis, I. splošni del, 1. zvezek. Ljubljana.
Metzger, M. J., Bunce, R. G. H., Jongman, R. H. G., Mücher, C. A., Watkins, J. W. 2005: A climatic stratification of the environment of Europe. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-822X.2005.00190.x
Mücher, C. A., Bunce, R. G. H., Jongman, R. H. G., Klijn, J. A., Koomen, A. J. M., Metzger, M. J., Wascher, D. M. 2003: Identification and Characterisation of Environments and Landscapes in Europe. Wageningen.
Mücher, C. A., Wascher, D. M., Klijn, J. A., Koomen, A. J. M., Jongman, R. H. G. 2006: A new European landscape map as an integrative framework for landscape character assessment. Landscape ecology in the Mediterranean, inside and outside approaches, Proceedings of the European IALE conference. Faro.
Mücher, C. A., Klijn, J. A., Wascher, D. M., Schaminée, J. H. J. 2009: A new European landscape classification (LANMAP): a transparent, flexible and user-oriented methodology to distinguish landscapes. Ecological Indicators 10-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.03.018
Noirfalise, A. 1987: Map of the natural vegetation of the member countries of the European community and of the Council of Europe. Luxembourg.
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnut, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P., Kassem, K. R. 2001: Terrestrial ecoregions of the World: a new map of life on earth. BioScience 51-11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., McMahon, T. A., 2007: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Perko, D. 1998: The regionalizaton of Slovenia. Acta geographica/Geografski zbornik 38. Ljubljana.
Plut, D. 1999: Regionalizacija Slovenije po sonaravnih kriterijih. Geografski vestnik 71. Ljubljana.
Plut, D. 2005: Teoretična in vsebinska zasnova trajnostno sonaravnega napredka. Dela 23. Ljubljana.
Renetzeder, C., van Eupen, M., Mücher, C. A., Wrbka, T. 2008: A spatial regional reference framework for sustainability assessment in Europe. Sustainability impact assessment of land use changes. Berlin, Heidelberg.
Romportl, D., Chuman, T. 2007: Proposal method of landscape typology in the Czech Republic. Journal of landscape ecology 0-0. Praha.
Runhaar, H. J., Udo de Haes, H. A. 1994: The use of site factors as classification characteristics for ecotopes. Ecosystem Classification for Environmental Management. Dordrecht.
Soto, S., Pintó, J. 2010: Delineation of natural landscape units for Puerto Rico. Applied Geography 30-4. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.01.010
Špes, M., Cigale, D., Lampič, B., Natek, K., Plut, D., Smrekar, A. 2002: Študija ranljivosti okolja. Geographica Slovenica 35/1-2. Ljubljana.
The indicative map of European biogeographical regions: methodology and development. 2006. European topic centre on biological diversity. Paris.
Theodoridis, S., Koutroumbas, K. 2006: Pattern recognition. San Diego.
Van Eetvelde, V., Antrop, M. 2009: A stepwise multi-scale typology and characterisation for trans-regional integration, applied on the federal state of Belgium. Landscape and urban planning 91-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2008.12.008
Walz, U., Syrbe, R.-U. 2013: Linking landscape structure and biodiversity. Ecological indicators 31. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.01.032
Wolock, D. M., Winter, T. C., McMahon, G. 2004: Delineation and evaluation of hydrologica-landscape regions in the United States using geographic information system tools and multivariate statistical analyses. Environmental management 34-S1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-003-5077-9
Zhou, Y., Narumalani, S, Waltman, W. J., Waltman, S. W., Palecki, M. A. 2003: A GIS-based spatial pattern analysis model for eco-region mapping and characterization. International journal of geographical information science 17-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1365881031000086983
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2013 Rok Ciglič, Drago Perko
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Brez predelav 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
