Computer simulation of stone falls and rockfalls
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS45204Keywords:
geomorphology, denudation, stone falls and rockfalls, risk assessment, preventive activi-ties, mathematical modelsAbstract
The paper gives an overview of the literature on available computer (simulation) models of stone falls and rockfalls, divided into 2D and 3D models. 2D models consider single blocks in the rock-fall mass as lumped mass or a rigid body, and are used to assess the single rockfall runout distance. Opposed to the 2D models, 3D models are composed not only of a dispositional model (depicting rockfall source areas) and friction model (determination of deposition areas and maximum runout distances), but also from a trajectory model (determination of travel areas).Downloads
References
Abele, G. 1994: Felsgleitungen im Hochgebirge und ihr Gefahrenpotential. Geographische Rundschau 46, 7–8. Braunschweig.
Baillifard, F., Jaboyedoff, M., Sartori, M. 2003: Rockfall hazard maping along a mountainous road in Switzerland using a GIS-based parameter rating approach. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3. Katlenburg-Lindau.
Bozzolo, D., Pamini, R., Hutter, K. 1988: Rockfall analysis – a mathematical model and its test with field data. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides in Lausanne, Balkema. Rotterdam.
Brilly, M., Mikoš, M., Šraj, M. 1999: Vodne ujme. Varstvo pred poplavami, erozijo in plazovi. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Corominas, J. 1996: The angle of reach as amobility index for small and large landslides. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 33. Ottawa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t96-005
Domaas, P. 1985: Rekkevidden av steinsprang. Elaborat, Norges Geotekniske Institutt. Oslo.
Dorren, L. K. A., Seijmonsbergen, A. C. 2003: Comparison of three GIS-based models for predicting rockfall runout zones at a regional scale. Geomorphology 56, 1–2. Amsterdam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00045-X
Dorren, L. K. A., Berger, F., Imeson, A. C., Maier, B., Rey, F. 2004: Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps. Forest Ecology and Management 195. Amsterdam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.057
ESRI 2002: Introduction to ArcGIS I, II. ESRI educational services. Redlands.
Evans, S. G., Hungr, O. 1988: Engineering evaluation of fragmental rockfall hazards. Landslides, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides in Lausanne 1. Balkema. Rotterdam.
Evans, S. G., Hungr, O. 1993: The assessment of rockfall hazard at the base of talus slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 30. Ottawa. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t93-054
Fairfield, J., Leymarie, P. 1991: Drainage networks from grid digital elevation models. Water resources research 27–5. Washington. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90WR02658
Gao, J. 1998: Impact of sampling intervals on the reliability of topographic variables mapped from grid DEMs at a micro-scale. International Journal Geographical Information Science 12. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136588198241545
Gerber, W. 1994: Beurteilung des Prozesses Steinschlag. V: Ganzheitliche Gefahrenbeurteilung. Unveröffentlichte Kursunterlagen der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft, Forstliche Arbeitsgruppe für Naturgefahren (FAN), 20.–22. 10. 1994. Poschiavo.
Grunder, M. 1984: Ein Beitrag zur Beurteilung von Naturgefahren im Hinblick auf die Erstellung von mittelmassstaebigen Gefahrenhinweiskarten – mit Beispielen aus dem Berner Oberland und der Landschaft Davos. Geographica Bernensia 23. Bern.
Grunder, M., Kienholz, H. 1986: Gefahrenkartierung. WSL Berichte 289. Birmendsdorf.
Guzzetti, F., Reichenbach, P., Wieczorek, G. F. 2003: Rockfall hazard and risk assessment in the Yosemite Valley, California, USA. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3. Katlenburg-Lindau.
Hegg, C., Kienholz, H. 1995: Determining paths of gravity-driven slope processes; the »vector tree model«. Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.
Heim, A. 1932: Bergsturz und Menschenleben. Fretz &Wasmuth A. G. Zürich.
Hsü, K. 1975: Catastrophic debris streams (Sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls. Geological Society of America Bulletin 86. Boulder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86%3C129:CDSSGB%3E2.0.CO;2
Jaboyedoff, M., Baillifard, F., Marro, Ch., Philippossian, F., Rouiller, J.-D. 1999: Detection of rock instabilities: MATTEROCK methodology. Medmrežje:http://www.quanterra.org/Materrock_mewthodology.pdf (20. 11. 2005).
Kienholz, H., Zeilstra, P., Hollenstein, K. 1998: Begriffsdefinitionen zu den Themen: Geomorphologie, Naturgefahren, Forstwesen, Sicherheit, Risiko – Arbeitspapier. Elaborat, BUWAL. Bern.
Lied, K. 1977: Rockfall problems in Norway. Publication Nr. 90. Instituto Sperimentale Modelli e Strutture (ISMES). Bergamo.
Meißl, G. 1998: Modellierung der Reichweite von Felsstürzen. Fallbeispiele zur GIS-gestützen Gefahrenbeurteilung aus dem Bayerischen und Tiroler Alpenraum. Innsbrucker Geographische Studien 28. Innsbruck.
Menéndez Duarte, R., Marquinez, J. 2002: The influence of environmental and lithologic factors on rockfall at a regional scale: an evaluation using GIS. Geomorphology 43. Amsterdam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00126-X
Mikoš, M. 1997: Ocena ogro`enosti alpskega sveta z naravnimi ujmami. Gradbeni vestnik 46, 1-2-3. Ljubljana.
Mikoš, M., Batistič, P., Đurović, B., Humar, N., Janža, M., Komac, M., Petje, U., Ribičič, M., Vilfan, M. 2004: Metodologija za določanje ogroženih območij in način razvrščanja zemljišč v razrede ogroženosti zaradi zemeljskih plazov: končno poročilo. Elaborat, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, Univerza v Ljubljani. Ljubljana. Medmrežje1: http://www.sos112.si/slo/tdocs/met_zemeljski_1.pdf (10. 11. 2005) Medmrežje2: http://www.sos112.si/slo/tdocs/met_zemeljski_2.pdf (10. 11. 2005).
Mikoš, M., Fazarinc, R., Ribičič, M. 2005: Sediment production and delivery from recent large landslides and earthquake-induced rock falls in the Upper Soča River valley, Slovenia. Engineering Geology. Amsterdam. In press.
Moser, M. 1986: Unveröffentliches Skriptum zur Ingenieurgeologie II. Böschungen, Hangbewegungen. Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Geologie, Univ. Erlangen – Nürnberg.
Onofri, R., Candian, C. 1979: Indagine sui limiti di massima invasione dei blocchi rocciosi franati durante il sisma del Friuli del 1976. Considerzioni sulle opere di difesa. Regione Autonoma Friuli – Venezia Giulia, Cluet. Trieste.
Petje, U. 2005: Analiza nevarnosti padajočega kamenja na cestah v alpskem prostoru. Magistrsko delo, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo, Univerza v Ljubljani. Ljubljana.
Petje, U., Mikoš, M. 2005: Modeliranje skalnih podorov in odlomov kamenja. Acta hydrotechnica. Ljubljana.In press.
Petje U., Mikoš, M., Ribičič, M. 2005a: Ocena nevarnosti padajočega kamenja za odsek regionalne ceste v dolini Trente, Slovenija. Geologija. Ljubljana. In press.
Petje, U., Ribičič, M., Majes, B., Mikoš, M. 2005b: Načini premikanja skalnih gmot po pobočjih. Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering. Ljubljana. In press.
Spang, R. M. 1987: Protection against rockfall – Stepchild in the design of rock slopes. Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Rock Mechanics 1. Montreal.
Spang, R. M., Soenser, T. 1995: Optimized rockfall protection by »ROCKFALL«. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Rock Mechanics 3. Tokyo.
Toppe, R. 1987: Terrain models – A tool for natural hazard mapping. IAHS Publication 162.
van Dijke, J. J., van Westen, C. J. 1990: Rockfall hazard: a geomorphological application of neighbourhood analysis with ILWIS. ITC Journal 1990–1.
Zakon o vodah. Uradni list RS 67. 2002. Ljubljana.
Zhu, H., Eastman, J. R., Toledano, J. 2001: Triangular irregular network optimization from contour data using bridge and tunnel edge removal. International Journal Geographical Information Science 15. London.
Zinggeler, A., Krummenacher, B, Kienholz, H. 1991: Steinschlagsimulation in Gebirgswäldern. Berichte und Forschungen 3. Geographisches Institut der Universität Freiburg. Freiburg.
Zorn, M., Komac, B. 2004: Deterministic modeling of landslide and rockfall risk. Acta geographica Slovenica 44-2. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS44203
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2005 Urška Petje, Mihael Ribičič, Matjaž Mikoš
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.