Natural and Artificial Energy Flows in Forest and Agricultural Landscapes of Kočevsko

Janez Pirnat

doi:10.3986/AGS39002

Authors

Janez Pirnat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-6495

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS39002

Keywords:

energy flows, natural energy inputs, artificial eneregy inputs, cultural landscape, Kočevska

Abstract

The cultural landscape is characterized by different proportions of natural and artificial energy inputs. The article compares energy flows in agricultural ecosystems and forests. The study site was in the Kočevje region in the sample year 1993. The broader research area covered 762 km² of the former Municipality of Kočevje, while a detailed investigation was carried out in a sample area of 353 km². The aim of the study was to examine natural energy input, specifically incoming solar radiation, and artificial energy inputs that include human labour and machine work, spare parts, depreciation of machinery, and material input as forms of energy input. Natural energy input amounts to between 1095 kWh/m2 per year (forests) and 1120 kWh/m2 per year (agricultural ecosystems). Artificial energy inputs account for 0.2–1.1‰ of incoming solar energy. The relatively highest artificial energy inputs were introduced on cultivated fields with 1.26 kWh/m², followed by meadows with 0.67 kWh/m², pastures with 0.45 kWh/m², and managed forests with an average of 0.24 kWh/m². Intensively managed forests received the highest amount of artificial energy inputs, that is 0.25–0.255 kWh/m². Thermophilic forests and forests with low site productivity received the lowest amount of artificial energy inputs, 0.21–0.23 kWh/m². Areas regenerated from abandoned farmland, areas covered with shrubs, and forests that are not managed function with incoming solar energy only.

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