Evaluation of Public Participation in Environmental Assessment Policies: The Case of Slovenia and Canada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS52203Keywords:
geography, hydroelectric development, power, space, public participation, community economic development, environmental assessment process, Slovenia, CanadaAbstract
The present research addresses methodology of public participation and politics of community economic development in environmental assessment processes. We are interested specifically in how concepts of power and space jointly operate in creating opportunities for marginalized groups to enter into policy process. Furthermore, a strong research interest is given to the improvement of existing public participation methodologies in a sense of possible reintegration of expert and local knowledge systems. On the basis of the two case studies (Wuskwatim projects in Canada and the Soča river case in Slovenia) differences in creation of invited policy space and claimed/created counterparts are presented.Downloads
References
Ackerlund, W. S. 2011: Exploring Public Participation Decision-Making at Superfund Sites: A Mental Models
Approach. Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Montana. Missoula MT.
Allen, J. 2009: Three Spaces of Power: Territory, Networks, plus a Topological twist in the Tale of Domination and Authority. Journal of Power 2-2. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17540290903064267
Alpe Adria Green. 2011: Nočemo ukinitve statusa reke Soče kot naravne vrednote. Internet: http://alpeadriagreen.wordpress.com/2011/09/05/podpiite-peticije-alpe-adria-green/ (3. 6. 2012).
Anko, B. 2011: Pripombe na predlog Novega energetskega zakona (private database by Blaž Komac) (21. 7. 2011).
Bachrach, P., Baratz, M. 1962: Two Faces of Power. American Political Science Review 56. Denton. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0003055406222561
Bachrach, P., Baratz, M. 1970: Power and poverty: theory and practice. New York, London, Toronto.
Brežan, U. 2011: Pripombe k predlogu Novega energetskega zakona (EZ-1). Internet: http://www.tolmin.si/datoteka/4a1590df1d5968d41b855005bb8b67bf (19. 4. 2012).
Canoe Fluviana Martisana. 2011: Dams’ Project in Soča Valley (private database by Blaž Komac) (21.7. 2011).
Civilna iniciativa Bovško polje. 2011: Posredovano stališče do novega energetskega zakona (private database by Blaž Komac) (20. 7. 2011).
Cipra. 2011: Zahteva po izločitvi 565. člena iz predloga Energetskega zakona (EZ-1) Internet: http://www.cipra.org/sl/CIPRA/cipra-slovenija/aktivnosti-v-teku/stalisce-cipre-slovenija-do-predloga-energetskega-zakona-ez-1-in-zahteva-po-izlocitvi-565-clena-tega-zakona/110722-ez-ukinitev-565-clena.pdf (3. 4. 2012).
Cox, K. R., Low, M., Robinson, J. 2008: Introduction. The Sage Handbook of Political Geography. Los Angeles; London; New Delhi; Singapore.
Dahl, R. 1958: A critique of the ruling elite model. American Political science Review 52-2. Denton.
Dahl, R. 1961: Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven.
Daugbjerg, C. 1998: Policy Network under Pressure. Pollution Control, Policy Reform and the Power of Farmers, Aldershot.
Digeser, P. 1992: The Fourth Face of Power. Journal of Politics 54-4. Tucson. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2132105
Dondes. 2011: Soča in elektrarNE: usoda reke Soče in varstva narave v predlogu novega Energetskega zakona. Internet: http://www.naravnadediscina.org/?p=87 (4. 7. 2012).
Društvo ekologi brez meja. 2011: Spoštovani (private database by Blaž Komac).
Durnik, M. 2009: Canadian Public Policy and Poverty of Aboriginals. Doctoral Dissertation, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ljubljana. Ljubljana.
Durnik, M. 2012: Between Dualism and Integration: Canadian Community Economic Development and its Implications for Future Development in the Slovenian Roma Community. Razprave in Gradivo - Treaties & Documents 67. Ljubljana.
Ek, R. 2011: Fire, Walk with Me: Towards a Geography of the Fourth Topology. 4th Nordic Geographers Meeting Roskilde.
Energy Manitoba. 2004: Wuswatim Archives. Internet:http://www.energymanitoba.org/wusk_archives/index.htm (7. 4. 2012).
Fitzpatrick, P. 2006: The Environmental Assessment Process – learning nexus: a Manitoba case study. Prairie Perspectives: Geographical Essays 9-1. Brandon.
Fitzpatrick, P., Sinclair A. J. 2009: Multi-jurisdictional environmental impact assessment: Canadian experiences. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 29. New York. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.01.004
Foth, M. 2011: Barriers to Aboriginal Participation in Environmental Assessment: A Case Study of the Wuskwatim Generating Station, Manitoba. Master Thesis, University of Manitoba. Winnipeg.
Gaventa, J. 2006: Finding the Spaces for Change: A Power Analysis. IDS Bulletin 37-6.
Golobič, M. 2011: Participativno prostorsko načrtovanje. III. Metode. Internet: http://uiraziskovalci.uirs.si/mojcag/partcipacija/ppn-3metode.pdf (7. 5. 2012).
Hessing, M., Howlett, M. 1997: Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy: Political Economy and Public Policy. Vancouver.
Internet 1: http://www.hydro.mb.ca/projects/wuskwatim/overview.shtml?WT.mc_id=2625 (5. 3. 2012).
Internet 2: http://www.manitobaresearchallianceced.ca/cedall.html (5. 4. 2012).
Internet 3: http://www.wuskwatim.ca/empstats.html (4. 5. 2012).
Internet 4: http://www.ncncree.com/ncn/trainingjobs.html (4. 6. 2012).
Jones M., Jones R., Woods, M. 2008: An Introduction to Political Geography: Space, Place and Politics. London.
Karjalainen, T. P, Järvikoski T. 2010: Negotiating river ecosystems: Impact assessment and conflict mediation in the cases of hydro-power construction. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 30. New York. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2010.04.004.
Kempton, K. 2004: Oral Submission for Main Hearing, Presentation on CEC Hearings Wuskwatim Projects, Pimicamak Cree Nation. Internet: http://energymanitoba.org/presenters.htm (5. 8. 2008).
Keršič Svetel, M. 2011: Oblast brez vrednot. Internet: http://www.naravnadediscina.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vlada-brez-vrednot_ksvetel_vecer.pdf (23. 3. 2012).
Kobliski, K. 2004: CEC Presentation Notes: Winnipeg. Displaced Residents of South Indian Lake, Justice Seekers of Nelson House, CEC Hearings Wuskwatim Projects. Internet: http://energymanitoba.org/presenters.htm (5. 8. 2011).
Komac, B. 2009: Social memory and geographical memory of natural disasters. Acta geographica Slovenica 49-1. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS49107
Komac, B. 2011: Pripombe na predlog Energetskega zakona (Blaž Komac in sopodpisniki) (private archive by Blaž Komac).
Loxley, J. 2007: Elements of a Theory of Community Economic Development, Transforming or Reforming Capitalism – Towards a Theory of Community Economic Development. Halifax.
Loxley, J. 2010: Aboriginal, Northern, and Community Economic Development: Papers and Retrospectives. Winnipeg.
Lukes, S.1974: Power: A Radical View. Basingstoke, London.
Lukes, S. 2005: Power: A Radical View (2nd ed.). Basingstoke.
Manitoba Research Alliance. 2006: Accessing the Impact of the New Economy. Internet: http://www.manitobaresearchallianceced.ca/Documents/Thematic_Summaries/AssessingtheImpactsoftheNewEconomy-WEB.pdf (4. 5. 2012).
Martin, T. and Hoffman, M. S. (eds.). 2008: Power Struggles: Hydro Development and First Nations in Manitoba and Quebec. Winnipeg.
Mendel, M. 2010: Empowerment: From Noise to Voice. Universitas Forum: International Journal on Human Development and International Cooperation 2-1. Rome. Ministrstvo za gospodarstvo. 2011: The New Proposed Energy Law (Predlog novega Energetskega zakona). Internet: http://www.mzip.gov.si/fileadmin/mzip.gov.si/pageuploads/Energetika/Predlogi_predpisov/EZ_1_v_okt_2011.pdf (7. 2. 2012).
Nisichawayasihk Cree Nation. 2012: Internet: http://www.ncncree.com/ncn/wuskwatimproject.html (3. 2. 2012).
Omladič, L. 2011: Za zgornjo Sočo vlada odpravlja okoljske omejitve. Internet: http://blog.kvarkadabra.net/2011/07/za-zgornjo-soco-vlada-odpravlja.html (10. 6. 2011).
Ostan, C. 2011: Mnenje in pripombe mag. Cecilije Ostan, direktorice LTO Bovec, na predlog Energetskega zakona. Internet: http://www.posocje.net/novica/2011/07/mnenje-in-pripombe-mag-cecilije-ostan-direktorice-lto-bovec-na-predlog-energetskega-z (25. 3. 2012).
Pinho P., Rodrigo M., Monterroso A. 2007: The quality of Portuguese Environmental Impact Studies: The case of small hydropower projects. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2006.10.005.
Planinska zveza Slovenije. 2011: Planinska zveza Slovenije nasprotuje ponovnemu poskusu razvrednotenja reke Soče. Internet: http://www.cipra.org/sl/CIPRA/cipra-slovenija/aktivnosti-v-teku/stalisce-cipre-slovenija-do-predloga-energetskega-zakona-ez-1-in-zahteva-po-izlocitvi-565-clena-tega-zakona/pzs-sporocilo-za-javnost.pdf (10. 6. 2012).
Ribiška družina Tolmin. 2011: Spoštovani (private database by Blaž Komac) (20. 7. 2011).
Ribiška zveza Slovenije. 2011: Ribiška zveza Slovenije nasprotuje nadaljnji energetski izrabi Soče in njenih pritokov. Internet: http://www.carpinslovenia.com/download/Soca-predlog%20energetskega%20zakona.pdf (3. 6. 2012).
Rousseau, J. 2000: The New Political Scales of Citizenship in a Global Era: The Politics of Hydroelectric Development in the James Bay Region. Doctoral Dissertation, Carleton University. Ottawa.
Sheldrick, B. 2007: Community Economic Development: Governance and State-Civil society Relations, Transforming or Reforming Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Community Economic Development. Halifax.
Shragge, E. 2003: Activism and Social Change: Lessons for Community and Local Organizing. Toronto.
Sinclair A. J., Diduck A., Fitzpatrick, P. 2008: Conceptualizing learning for sustainability through environmental assessment: critical reflections on 15 years of research. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 28. New York. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2007.11.001
Slovenska turistična organizacija. 2011: Pripombe na Predlog Novega Energetskega zakona EZ-1 (private database by Blaž Komac) (8. 8. 2011).
Slovenski P.E.N. center. 2011: Okrogla miza o usodi Soče in Posočja (private database by Blaž Komac) (29.8.2011).
Söderström, O., Geertman S. 2012: Loose Threads: The Translocal Making of Public Space Policy in Hanoi. WPS 176. Singapore.
Thórhallsdóttir, T. E. 2006: Environment and energy in Iceland: A comparative analysis of values and impacts. Environmental Impact Assessment Review 27. New York. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2006.12.004
The Law Establishing the Protected Area of the River Soča and its Tributaries (Zakon o določitvi zavarovanega območja za reko Sočo s pritoki). Uradni list Socialistične Republike Slovenije 7/1976. Ljubljana.
The Manitoba Research Alliance on Community Economic Development in the New Economy. 2011: Internet: http://www.manitobaresearchallianceced.ca/cedall.html (4. 5. 2012). The Nature Conservation Act (Zakon o ohranjanju narave); Uradni list RS 56/99, 31/00, 119/02, 22/03, 41/04, 96/04 – UPB). Ljubljana.
Triglavski narodni park. 2011: Stališče TNP k predlogu Energetskega zakona (EZ-1): TNP predlagatelja EZ-1 poziva, da se 565. člen umakne iz zakona. Internet:http://www.tnp.si/news/more/stalishche_tnp_k_predlogu_energetskega_zakona_ez-1/ (3. 6. 2012).
Zavod LTO Sotočje. 2011: Spoštovani. Internet: http://www.cipra.org/sl/CIPRA/cipra-slovenija/aktivnosti-v-teku/stalisce-cipre-slovenija-do-predloga-energetskega-zakona-ez-1-in-zahteva-po-izlocitvi-565-clena-tega-zakona/lto-pripombe.pdf (13. 5. 2012).
Zavod Republike Slovenije zavarstvo narave. 2011: Predlog Energetskega zakona posega v zavarovanje reke Soče. Internet: http://www.cipra.org/sl/CIPRA/cipra-slovenija/aktivnosti-v-teku/stalisce-cipre-slovenija-do-predloga-energetskega-zakona-ez-1-in-zahteva-po-izlocitvi-565-clena-tega-zakona/zrsvn_soca_ez_18_7_2011.pdf (7. 4. 2012).
Zorn M., Komac, B. 2011: Damage caused by natural disasters in Slovenia and globally between 1995 and 2010. Acta geographica Slovenica, 51-1. Ljubljana. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/AGS51101
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Mitja Durnik
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.