Three’s a Crowd? Language Assistance in Mental Healthcare Settings in Slovenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/2024.2.05Keywords:
language assistance, mental healthcare, psychotherapy, psychosocial support, Slovenia, intercultural mediation, interpretingAbstract
The article addresses the inclusion of non-Slovenian speakers into mental healthcare services in Slovenia by looking at how language assistance is perceived and received during psychotherapy and psychosocial support sessions. Clients of mental healthcare services in Slovenia are increasingly more linguistically diverse, which may add to the existing challenges that the mental healthcare system faces. At the same time, it offers the opportunity to conceive more inclusive mental care for non-Slovenian speakers. The article highlights the main characteristics of language assistance in psychotherapy and psychosocial support sessions. It presents the findings of a study that point to the difficulties regarding implementing language assistance in mental health care in Slovenia, which are consistent with findings in other European settings and beyond.
Downloads
References
A national code of ethics for interpreters in health care. (2004, July). NCIHC – The National Council on Interpreting in Health Care Working Papers Series. https://www.ncihc.org/assets/z2021Images/NCIHC%20National%20Code%20of%20Ethics.pdf
Alhamami, M. (2020). Switching of language varieties in Saudi multilingual hospitals: insiders’ experiences. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 41(2), 175–189.
Bancroft, M. (2005). The Interpreter’s World Tour – An Environmental Scan of Standards of Practice for Interpreters. The California Endowment. https://www.ncihc.org/assets/documents/publications/NCIHC%20Environmental%20Scan.pdf
Bhugra, D., Watson, C., & Wijesuriya, R. (2021). Culture and mental illnesses. International Review of Psychiatry, 33(1–2). https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1777748
Bofulin, M., & Bešter, R. (2010). Enako zdravstvo za vse? Imigranti v slovenskem zdravstvenem sistemu. In M. Medvešek & R. Bešter (Eds.), Državljani tretjih držav ali tretjerazredni državljani? Integracija državljanov tretjih držav v Sloveniji (pp. 270–311). Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja.
Božič, A., Rožnik, A., Podlogar, A., Ličen, S., & Prosen, M. (2022). Izkušnje medicinskih sester z albansko govorečimi pacienti: kvalitativna raziskava. Obzornik Zdravstvene Nege, 56(3), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.14528/snr.2022.56.3.3157
Cambridge, J., Singh, S. P., & Johnson, M. R. D. (2020). The challenges of interpreting in psychotherapy. In M. Schouler-Ocak & M. C. Kastrup (Eds.), Intercultural Psychotherapy (pp. 317–330). Springer.
Constitution. (2016, November 30). Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia. https://www.us-rs.si/media/constitution.pdf
Cook, S. R., & Dewaele, J. M. (2022). “The English language enables me to visit my pain.” Exploring experiences of using a later-learned language in the healing journey of survivors of sexuality persecution. International Journal of Bilingualism, 26(2), 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211033032
Crezee, I., & Grant, L. E. (2020). An Achilles’ Heel? Helping Interpreting Students Gain Greater Awareness of Literal and Idiomatic English. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 12(1), 44–61. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/ijie/vol12/iss1/5
Cukut Krilić, S. (2019). Duševno zdravje v kontekstu sodobnih migracij. In L. Šprah (Ed.), Z več znanja o motnjah razpoloženja do izhodov iz labirintov. Izkušnje in razmisleki (pp. 245–253). Založba ZRC. https://doi.org/10.3986/9789610502197_23
Duševno zdravje je univerzalna človekova pravica. (2023, October 10). Gov.si. https://www.gov.si/novice/2023-10-10-dusevno-zdravje-je-univerzalna-clovekova-pravica
Flores, G. (2005). The Impact of Medical Interpreter Services on the Quality of Health Care: A Systematic Review. Medical Care Research and Review, 62(3), 255–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558705275416
Gorjanc, V., & Pokorn, N. (2013). We are not giving up: training public-service translators and interpreters in the economic crisis. mTm – A Translation Journal. 5, 18–39.
Gostič, M. (2024). Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Forcibly Displaced People: Insights From Slovenia. Dve domovini / Two homelands, 60, 91–114.
Hanft-Robert, S., Pohontsch, M. J., Uhr, C., Redlich, A., & Metzner, F. (2022). Therapeutic Alliance in Interpreter-Mediated Psychotherapy from the Perspective of Refugee Patients: Results of Qualitative Interviews. Verhaltenstherapie, 32(1), 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1159/000517136
Hanft-Robert, S., Lindberg, L. G., Mösko, M., & Carlsson, J. (2023). A balancing act: how interpreters affect the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy with trauma-affected refugees – a qualitative study with therapists. Frontiers in Psychology, 14 (16. May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1175597
Hunt, X., & Swartz, L. (2017). Psychotherapy with a language interpreter: Considerations and cautions for practice. South African Journal of Psychology, 47(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246316650840
IMIA Code of Ethics (2006). IMIA – International Medical Interpreters Association. https://www.imiaweb.org/code
Jadhav, S. (1996). The Cultural Origins Western Depression. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 42(4), 269–286. https://doi.org/10.1177/002076409604200403
Kline, F., Acosta, F. X., Austin, W., & Johnson, R. G. (1980). The misunderstood Spanish-speaking patient. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(12), 1530–1533. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.137.12.1530
Kocjančič Pokorn, N. (2019). Reševanje jezikovnih ovir v slovenskem zdravstvu: analiza stanja. In U. Lipovec Čebron & N. Kocjančič Pokorn (Eds.), Večjezično zdravje: Komunikacijske strategije in večkulturni stiki s tujejezičnimi bolniki v slovenskem zdravstvenem sistemu (pp. 30–47). Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
Kocjančič Pokorn, N., & Lipovec Čebron, U. (2019). Večjezično zdravje: Komunikacijske strategije in večkulturni stiki s tujejezičnimi bolniki v slovenskem zdravstvenem sistemu. Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
Kocjančič Pokorn, N., & Mikolič Južnič, T. (2020). Community interpreters versus intercultural mediators. Is it really all about ethics? Translation and Interpreting Studies. The Journal of the American Translation and Interpreting Studies Association, 15(1), 80–107. https://doi.org/10.1075/tis.20027.koc
Leanza, Y., Miklavcic, A., Boivin, I., & Rosenberg, E. (2014). Working with Interpreters. In L. Kirmayer, J. Guzder & C. Rousseau (Eds.), Cultural Consultation. International and Cultural Psychology (pp. 89–114). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7615-3_5
Lipovec Čebron, U. (2021). Language as a trigger for racism: language barriers at healthcare institutions in Slovenia. Social Sciences, 10(125), 1–17. https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=slv&id=135236
Lipovec Čebron, U., Bombač, L., Kocijančič-Pokorn, N., & Lučovnik, M. (2019). Monolingual Health: Linguistic Barriers in Slovene Healthcare Experienced by Migrant/Refugee Women. In S. Ličen, I. Karnjuš & M. Prosen (Eds.), Women, migrations and health ensuring transcultural healthcare (pp. 139−153). University of Primorska Press. https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-7055-43-6.139-153
Lipovec Čebron, U., & Škraban, J. (2022). Intercultural Mediation and its Conflicting Allegiances in Slovenia. Ethnologia Europaea, 52(2), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.3103
Marianacci, A. (2022). Horizontal methodologies in community interpreting studies: Conducting research with Latin American service users in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Interpreting and Society, 2(2), 160–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/27523810221110033
Martín, M. C., & Phelan, M. (2009). Interpreters and Cultural Mediators – different but complementary roles. Translocations: Migration and Social Change, 6(1). https://doras.dcu.ie/16481/1/Martin_and_Phelan_Translocations.pdf
Miklavcic, A., & LeBlanc, M. N. (2014). Cultural brokers, clinically applied ethnography, and cultural mediation. In L. J. Kirmayer, G. Jaswant, & C. Rousseau (Eds.), Cultural consultation: Encountering the other in mental health care (pp. 115–137). Springer Science and Business Media.
Mikolič Južnič, T. (2019). Kdo dela z uporabniki zdravstvenega sistema, ki ne govorijo slovensko? In N. K. Pokorn & U. Lipovec Čebron (Eds.), Večjezično zdravje: Komunikacijske strategije in večkulturni stiki s tujejezičnimi bolniki v slovenskem zdravstvenem sistemu (pp. 17–28). Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
Miller, K. E., Martell, Z.L., Pazdirek, L., Caruth, M., & Lopez, D. (2005). The role of interpreters in psychotherapy with refugees: an exploratory study. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 75(1), 27–39. http://doi.org/10.1037/0002-9432.75.1.27
Morel, A., Gorjanc, V., & Kocijančič Pokorn, N. (2012). Healthcare interpreting in Slovenia. The Interpreters’ Newsletter, 17, 103–116.
National vocational qualifications. (2023, August 17). Gov.si. https://www.gov.si/en/policies/education-science-and-sport/national-vocational-qualifications
Paone, T. R., & Malott, K. M. (2008). Using interpreters in mental health counseling: A literature review and recommendations. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 36(3), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2008.tb00077.x
Presekar, D. (2023, September 21). Napoved zakona o psihoterapiji razdvaja. Komu bo pritrdilo ministrstvo? N1info.si. https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/napoved-zakona-o-psihoterapiji-razdvaja-komu-bo-pritrdilo-ministrstvo
Ribas, M. A. (2017). The fuzzy boundary between the roles of interpreter and mediator in the public services in Catalonia: Analysis of interviews and interpreter-mediated interactions in the health and educational context. Across Languages and Cultures, 18(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1556/084.2017.18.2.2
Rudvin, M. (2002). How Neutral is Neutral? Issues in Interaction and Participation in Community Interpreting. In M. Viezzi & G. Garzone (Eds.), Perspectives on Interpreting (pp. 217–233). CLUEB.
Szoke, D., Cummings, C., & Benuto, L. T. (2020). Exposure in an Increasingly Bilingual World: Native Language Exposure Therapy With a Non-Language Matched Therapist. Clinical Case Studies, 19(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650119886349
Škraban, J., Oprešnik, D., Pistotnik, S., & Lipovec Čebron, U. (2020). Implementation of intercultural mediation at the primary level in preventive healthcare in Slovenia. Javno zdravje, 1, 1–17. https://nijz.si/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/skraban_et_al._jz_2020-1.pdf
Škraban, J., & Lipovec Čebron, U. (2021). Medkulturna mediacija in zdravstvo v Sloveniji. Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
Uradni list Republike Slovenije. (2008). Zakon o pacientovih pravicah. Ur. list RS, št. 15/08, 55/17, 177/20 in 100/22 – ZNUZSZS. https://pisrs.si/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO4281
Uradni list Republike Slovenije. (2016). Zakon o mednarodni zaščiti. Ur. list RS, št. 16/17 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo, 54/21 in 42/23 – ZZSDT-D. https://pisrs.si/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO7103
Verrept, H. (2012). Notes on the employment of intercultural mediators and interpreters in health care. In D. Ingleby, A. Chiarenza, W. Devillé & I. Kotsioni (Eds.), Inequalities in health care for migrants and ethnic minorities (pp. 115–27). Garant Publishers.
Verrept H. (2019). What are the roles of intercultural mediators in health care and what is the evidence on their contributions and effectiveness in improving accessibility and quality of care for refugees and migrants in the WHO European Region? Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report 64. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Verrept, H., & Coune, I. (2016). Guide for intercultural mediation in healthcare. Brussels: FPS Health, Safety of the Food Chain and Environment. https://eody.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/philos2021-bibliografia6-interculturar.pdf
Verkerk, L., Backus, A., Faro, L., Dewaele, J. M., & Das, E. (2021). Language choice in psychotherapy of multilingual clients. Language and Psychoanalysis, 10(2), 1–22.
Verkerk, L., Fuller, J. M., Huiskes, M., & Schüppert, A. (2023). Expression and interpretation of emotions in multilingual psychotherapy: A literature review. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 23(3), 617–626. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12650
Wadensjö, C. (2013). Interpreting as Interaction. Routledge.
Wang, C. (2017). Interpreters = Cultural Mediators? TranslaTologica: A. Journal of Translation, Language, and Literature, 1, 93–114.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter