The Ethnography of Housetrucking in West Africa: Tourists, Travellers, Retired Migrants and Peripatetics
Keywords:
Mobility, housetruckers, neo-nomadism, new researchable entity, West AfricaAbstract
In the last two decades, West Africa with its Atlantic coast, the Sahara and various other remote places has become a haven for many people from the Global North, who have adopted mobility as a way of life. Most of them are so-called “housetruckers”, i.e. people travelling and at least temporarily living in cars, jeeps, vans, caravans, buses or trucks converted into mobile homes. They represent a highly diversified group that is sometimes hard to put into any conventional mobility category and deserves more academic attention. The aim of this article is to present the variety of this phenomenon and most of all to call attention to the appearance of a new, largely disregarded and undocumented researchable entity within it, i.e. peripatetic housetruckers, which calls for new theoretical reflection within mobility studies.
Downloads
References
Ackers, Louise, Dwyer, Peter (2004). Fixed Laws, Fluid Lives: The Citizenship Status of Post-retirement Migrants in the European Union. Ageing and Society 24/3, 451–75.
Acton, Thomas (1981). Gypsylorism in the Far East. Newsletter of the Gypsy Lore Society 4/1, 2–6.
Amit, Vered (2002a). An Anthropology without Community? The Trouble with Community. Anthropological Refl ections on Movement, Identity and Collectivity (eds. Vered Amit, Nigel Rapport). London: Pluto Press, 13–65.
Amit, Vered (ed.) (2002b). Realizing Community. Concepts, Social Relationships and Sentiments. London: Routledge.
Amit, Vered, Rapport, Nigel. (2002). The Trouble with Community. Anthropological Refl ections on Movement, Identity and Collectivity. London: Pluto Press.
Angeras, Anaïs (2011). Du nomadisme contemporain en France. Avec les saisonniers agricol qui vivent en camion. Master 2 Recherche Spécialité Dynamique des Cultures et des Sociétés 2010. Lyon: Université Lumière Lyon II.
Augé, Marc (1995). Non-Places: Introduction to an Anthropology of Supermodernity. London, New York: Verso Books.
Bauman, Zygmunt (1993). Postmodern Ethics. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Bauman Zygmunt (2000). Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
Bauman, Zygmunt (2001). Community: Seeking Safety in an Insecure World. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Bell, Martin, Ward, Gary (2000). Comparing Temporary Mobility with Permanent Migration. Tourism Geographies 2/1, 87–107.
Benson, Michaela (2007). There’s More to Life: British Migration to Rural France. An unpublished PhD dissertation. Hull: University of Hull, UK.
Benson, Michaela (2009). The Context and Trajectories of Lifestyle Migration. European Societies 12/1, 45–64.
Benson, Michaela, O’Reilly Karen (eds.) (2009a). Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing.
Benson, Michaela, O’Reilly Karen (2009b). Migration and the search for a better way of life: a critical exploration of lifestyle migration. The Sociological Review 57/4, 608–625.
Berland C. Joseph (1992). Territorial Activities among Peripatetic Peoples in Pakistan. Mobility and Territoriality. Social and Spatial Boundaries among Foragers, Fichers, Pastoralists and Peripatetics (eds. Michael J. Casimir, Aparna Rao). New York, Oxford: Berg, 375–396.
Berland, Joseph C., Rao, Aparna (eds.) (2004). Customary Strangers. New Perspectives on Peripatetic Peoples in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. London: Praeger.
Berland, Joseph C., Salo, Matt T (1986). Peripatetic Communities: An Introduction. Peripatetic Peoples (eds. Joseph C. Berland, Matt Salo). Nomadic Peoples 21/22, 1–6.
Bousiou, Pola (2008). The Nomads of Mykonos. Performing Liminalities in a ‘Queer’ Space. New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Casado-Diáz, María Angele, Kaiser, Claudia, Warnes, Anthony (2004). Northern European Retired Residents in Nine Southern European Areas: Characteristics, Motivations and Adjustment. Ageing and Society 24/3, 353–81.
Clark, Colin (1997). “New Age” Travellers: Identity, Sedentarism and Social Security. Gypsy Politics and Travellers Identity (ed. Thomas Acton). Hertfordshire: University of Hertforshire Press, 125–141.
D’Andrea, Anthony (2006). Neo-Nomadism: A Theory of Post-Identitarian Mobility in the Global Age. Mobilities 1/1, 95–119.
D’Andrea, Anthony (2007). Global Nomads. Techno and New Age as Transnational Countercultures in Ibiza and Goa. New York: Routledge.
Dearling, Alan (1998). No Boundaries. New Travellers on the Road (Outside of England). Dorset: Enabler Publications.
Delanty, Gerard (2003). Community. Oxon: Routledge.
Giddens, Anthony (1994). Living in a Post-Traditional Society. Refl exive Modernization (eds. Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, Scott Lash). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Gustafson, Per (2002). Tourism and Seasonal Retirement Migration. Annals of Tourism research 29/4, 899–918.
Hetherington, Kevin (1992). Stonehenge and its Festival. Spaces of Consumption. Lifestyle Shopping: The Subject of Consumption (ed. Rob Shields). London: Routledge, 83–98.
Hetherington, Kevin (1998). Expressions of Identity, Space, Performance, Politics. London: Sage Publications.
Hetherington, Kevin (2000). New Age Travellers. Vanloads of Uproarious Humanity.
London: Cassel.
Hayden, Robert (1979). The Cultural Ecology of Service Nomads. The Eastern Anthropologist 32/4, 297– 309.
Hoey, A. Brian (2010). Place for Personhood: Individual and Local Character in Lifestyle Migration. Midwestern City & Society 22/2, 237–261.
Howard, Robert (2008). Western Retirees in Thailand: Motives, Experiences, Wellbeing, Assimilation and Future Needs. Ageing and Society 28/2, 145–163.
Huber, Andreas, O’Reilly, Karen (2004). The Construction of Heimat under Conditions of Individualized Modernity: Swiss and British Elderly Migrants in Spain. Ageing & Society 24, 327–351.
Juntunen, Marko (2002). Between Morocco and Spain: Men, migrant smuggling and a dispersed Moroccan community. Unpublished PhD dissertation. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
Juntunen, Marko, Kalčić, Špela, Rogelja, Nataša (forthcoming in 2012). Marginal Mobility: Ethnographic Refl ection on Contemporary Mobile Lives. Mobilities.
Kennedy, Paul, Roudometof, Victor eds. (2002). Communities Across Borders: NewImmigrants and Transnational Cultures. London: Routledge.
Kohl, Ines (2009). Beautiful Modern Nomads: Bordercrossing Tuareg between Niger, Algeria and Libya. Berlin: Reimer.
Korpela, Mari (2009). More Vibes in India. Westerners in Search of a Better Life in Varanasi. Tampere: Tampere University Press.
Löfgren, Orvar (1999). On Holiday. A History of Vacationing. London: University of California Press.
Maff esoli, Michel (1996). The Time of the Tribes. The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society. London: Sage Publications.
Martin, Greg (1998). Generational Diff erences amongst New Age Travellers. The Sociological Review 46/3, 735–756.
Martin, Greg (2002). New Age Travellers: Uproarious or Uprooted? Sociology 36/3, 723–735.
Misra, Pankaj K., Misra, Rajalakshmi (1982). Nomadism in the Land of Tamils between 1 A.D. and 600 A.D. Nomads in India (eds. Pankaj K. Misra, Kailash Chandra Melhotra). Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India.
Nudrali, Ozlem, O’Reilly, Karen (2009). Taking the Risk: The British in Didim. Lifestyle Migration: Expectations, Aspirations and Experiences (eds. Benson Michaela, Karen O’Reilly). Burlington: Ashgate Publishing, 137–157.
Oliver, Caroline (2007). Imagined Communitas: Older Migrants and Aspirational Mobility. Going First Class? New Approaches to Privileged Travel and Movement (ed. Vered Amit). New York, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 126–143.
O’Reilly, Karen (2003). “When is a Tourist?” The Articulation of Tourism and Migration in Spain’s Costa de Sol. Tourist Studies 3/3, 301–317.
Papastergiadis, Nikos (2000). The Turbulence of Migration. Globalisation, Deterritorialisation and Hybridity. Cambridge: Polity.
Rao, Aparna (1982). Non-food-producing Nomads and Problems of Their Classifi cation: the Case of the Ghorbat in Afghanistan. The Eastern Anthropologist 35/2, 115–134.
Raulet, Gerard (2011). Legitimacy and Globalization. Philosophy and Social Criticism 27/3, 313–323.
Scott, John, Marshall, Gordon (eds. 2009). Oxford Dictionary of Sociology (3rd revised edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sheller, Mimi, Urry, John (2006). The New Mobilities Paradigm. Environment and Planning 38, 207–226.
Urry, John (2003). Global Complexity. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Urry, John (2004). Small Worlds and the New ‘Social Physics’. Global Networks 4/2, 109–130.
Torkington, Kate (2011). Defi ning Lifestyle Migration. Dos Algarves 19, 99–111.
Weber, Irena (1997). Kultura potepanja. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga.
Williams, Allan, King, Russell, Warnes, Anthony, Patterson, Guy (2000a). Tourism and International Retirement Migration: New Forms of an Old Relationship in Southern Europe. Tourism Geographies 2/1, 28–49.
Williams, Allan, Michael Hall (2000b). Tourism and Migration: New Relationships Between Production and Consumption. Tourism Geographies 2/1, 5–27.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter