Denmark and norway: matching labor market needs with qualified migrants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/dd.2016.2.08Keywords:
highly skilled migration, qualified worker, knowledge economy, demographics, foreign studentsAbstract
The relevance of our article is based on the fact that migrant workers have been very important in recent years, and since the 2007-2008 financial crisis, these kinds of workers have been playing a substantial role in the developed countries, particularly the highly qualified migrants. These countries are facing several problems. Structural demographic changes have negatively affected the labor market, which has also caused problems in the education sector. These are obstacles to economic growth in the framework of the knowledge economy, and incorporating highly skilled migrants and talented foreign students is a way to overcome these difficulties. In this article, we analyze two Scandinavian countries, Denmark and Norway, and the ways they are adopting various strategies to overcome their problems, implementing new public policies to retain talented foreign students and hiring highly qualified migrant workers.
Downloads
References
Aragonés, Ana María, Salgado, Uberto (2015). Finland and Sweden: Matching labor market needs with talented migrants, Siirtolaissuus Migration 1, 16–25.
Aragonés, Ana María, Salgado, Uberto (2014). ¿Competencia internacional por la migración altamente calificada?, Comercio Exterior 64/2, 18–26.
Aragonés, Ana María, Salgado, Uberto (2013). La crisis y la economía del conocimiento en Estados Unidos. Su impacto en la política migratoria, Norteamérica 8/2, 71–104.
Aragonés, Ana María, Salgado, Uberto (2011). ¿Puede la migración ser un factor para el desarrollo de los países expulsores?, Migración y Desarrollo 9/17, 45–68.
Benner, Mats (2003) The Scandinavian challenge. The future of advanced welfare States in the knowledge economy, Acta sociológica 46/2, 132–149.
Bosetti, Valentina, Cattaneo, Cristina, Verdolini, Elena (2015). Migration of skilled workers and innovation: A European Perspective. Journal of International Economics 96/2, 311–322.
Brenne, Geir, Tore, Jense, Helge, Hiram (2013). An overview of Highly-Skilled Labour Migration to Norway – with a Focus on India as Country of Origin, European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, RR2013/46, 1–20.
Bryld, Jacqueline, Lazdane, Gunta (2006). Low-fertility-the future of Europe, Entre Nous European magazine for sexual and reproductive health 63, 1–31.
Cerna, Lucie (2010). Policies and practices of highly skilled migration in times of the economic crisis, International Migration Papers 99, 1–55.
Christensen, Thomas (2013). Economic Impacts of Business Investments in R&D in the Nordic Countries: A Microeconomic Analysis. Denmark: Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation.
Cox, Marianne (2012). International student recruitment: Policies and developments in selected countries: Sweden, Norway and Finland. Netherlands: Netherlands organization for international cooperation in higher education.
Dabat, Alejandro, Leal, Paulo, Romo, Samuel (2012). Crisis mundial, agotamiento del neoliberalismo y de la hegemonía norteamericana: contexto internacional y consecuencias para México. Norteamérica, CISAN, 7/2, 1–36.
Dabat, Alejandro, Ordoñez, Sergio (2009). Globalización, conocimiento y nueva empresa trasnacional: desafíos y problemas para los países en desarrollo (ed. Dabat Alejandro). Cambio histórico mundial, conocimiento y desarrollo, Juan Pablos-UNAM-IIEc, 223–260.
Danish Agriculture & Food Council (2014). Facts and figures Danish agriculture and food. Denmark: Landbrug Fodevarer.
Danish Immigration Service (2015). New to Denmark, https://www.nyidanmark.dk/en-us/coming_to_ dk/work/work.htm (3. 11. 2015).
Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (2014). The Danish Government Focuses on Top International Studies, http://ufm.dk/en/newsroom/press-releases/2014/ the-danish-government-focuses-on-top-international-students (3. 9. 2015).
Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (n.d.a). Working hours & legalities, http://studyindenmark.dk/live-in-denmark/working-in-denmark/hours-and-legalities (15. 3. 2016).
Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science (n.d.b). Work after graduation, http://studyindenmark. dk/live-in-denmark/working-in-denmark/after-graduation (15. 3. 2016).
Docquier, Frederic, Machado, Joël. (2015). Global competition for attracting talents and the world economy. IRES Discussion Papers, 2014020, 1–34.
Duncan, Natasha, Waldorf, Brigitte (2010). High skilled immigrant recruitment and the global economic crisis: The effects of immigration policies. Department of Agricultural Economics, working paper 10–1, 1–20.
Economist Intelligence Unit (2015). The global talent index report: The outlook to 2015, United Kingdom: Heidrick & Struggles.
Eurostat (2015), Energy from renewable sources. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tsdcc330&plugin=1 (23. 11. 2015).
Gagné, Francois (2000). A differentiated model of giftedness and talent (DMGT), Retrieved 20, 1–4.
González, Carmen, et al. (2013). The EU performance in the global competition for highly-skilled migrants. TGAE-Elcano 4, 1–7.
Jessop, Robert (2002). The Future of the Capitalist State. United Kingdom: Cambridge Polity Press.
Krugman, Paul (2012). The Iphone Stimulus, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/14/ opinion/krugman-the-iphone-stimulus.html?_r=0 (16. 1. 2013).
Li, Zhen, Lowe, John (2016). Mobile student to mobile worker: the role of universities in the ‘war for talent’. British Journal of Sociology of Education 37/1, 11–29.
Mamolo, Marija, Scherbov, Sergei (2009). Population projections for forty-four European countries: The ongoing population ageing. European Demographic Research Papers 2, 1–63.
McDonald, Peter (2008). Very low fertility consequences, causes and policy approaches. The Japanese Journal of Population 6/1, 19–23.
Naidoo, Rajani (2011). Rethinking development: Higher education and the new imperialism. Handbook on globalization and higher education, 40–58.
Norden (2014). Nordic on climate change, Nordic Council of Ministers, http://norden.diva-portal.org/ smash/get/diva2:768493/FULLTEXT01.pdf (14. 3. 2016).
Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (2007a), Tuition, http://www.studyinnorway.no/Study-in-Norway/Tuition (15. 3. 2016)
Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (2007b), Scholarships, http://www.studyinnorway.no/Study-in-Norway/Scholarships (15. 3. 2016).
Norwegian Centre for International Cooperation in Education (n.d.). The Norwegian partnership programme for global academic cooperation (NORPART), http://siu.no/eng/Programme-information/ Development-cooperation/NORPART (15. 3. 2016).
OECD (2002). International mobility of the highly skilled. OECD Publishing.
OECD (2004). Developing Highly Skilled Workers: Review of Sweden. France:OECD Publishing.
OECD (2011). Education at a glance 2011: OECD Indicators. France: OECD Publishing.
OECD (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD Indicators. France: OECD Publishing.
OECD (2015). Ageing and Employment Policies – Statistics on average effective age of retirement, http:// www.oecd.org/els/publicpensions/ageingandemploymentpolicies-stat|isticsonaverageeffectiveageofretirement.htm (3. 11. 2015).
Okamoto, Yumiko (2010). A comparative study on biotechnology companies in Sweden and Denmark: Why do they perform differently? Doshisha University Policy Studies 4, 139–157.
Ostling, Alina (2013). An overview of highly skilled labour migration in Denmark with a focus on Indian nationals. Denmark: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Pollin, Robert (2011). Back to full employment. United States: New Democracy Forum.
Rhee, Jeong-Eun (2009). International education, the new imperialism, and technologies of the self: Branding the globally educated elite. Multicultural Education Review 1/1, 55–82.
SHRM Foundation (2014).What’s next: future global trends affecting your organization - evolution of work and the worker. https://www.shrm.org/about/foundation/ shapingthefuture/documents/2-14%20 theme%201%20paper-final%20for%20web.pdf (15. 3. 2016).
Sutter, Brigitte, Jandl, Michael (2006). Comparative study on policies towards foreign graduates. Study on admission and retention policies towards foreign students in industrialised countries. Austria, Netherlands: International Centre for Migration Policy Development.
Tax Ministry of Denmark (2015). Tax scheme for foreign researchers and highly paid employees, http:// www.skat.dk/SKAT.aspx?oId=97319&lang=US (15. 3. 2016).
Thuesen, Frederik (2011). Recruiting and retaining highly skilled immigrants, http://www.sfi.dk/recruiting_and_retaining_highly_skilled_immigrants-8255.aspx (15. 3. 2016).
Tronstad, Kristian Rose, Bore, Lene, Djuve Anne (2012), Report to the European Migration Network from the Norwegian Contact Point. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/networks/european_migration_network/reports/docs/emn-studies/immigration-students/28.norway_national_report_immigration_of_ international_students_final_01oct2012_en.pdf (15. 3. 2016)
United Nations (2015). World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision. Key Findings and Advance Tables. New York: United States: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.
Utlendingsdirektorate (UDI) (2013). UDI Statistics, Denmark. http://www.udi.no/ statistikk-og-analyse/statistikk//statistikk-og-analyse/statistikktabeller/oversiktsider/statistikk-og-analyse/statistikk-/%5d (25. 9. 2015).
West, Charlotte (2013). To charge or not to charge?, International Educator, July+Aug, 34–43, http:// www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/ie_julaug13_change.pdf (3. 11. 2015).
Zaafrane, Hadefdh, et al. (2011). Internationalization of Higher Education in MENA: Policy issues associated with skills formation and mobility, World Bank Document Report No. 63762-MNA https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/ handle/10986/19461/637620ESW0WHIT00SELM20ReportMENA0EN.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (15. 3. 2016).
Zimmermann, Klaus (2004). European Labour Mobility: Challenges and Potentials, IZA Journal, Discussion paper 1410, 1–32.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter
