Translokalne skupnosti v urbanih naseljih Port Moresbyja. Pomen pojmovanja prostora v procesu ustvarjanja etničnih identitet
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2005340204Ključne besede:
Port Moresby (Papua Nova Gvineja), prostor, etničnost, migracije, urbana naselja // Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea), place, ethnicity, migrations, urban settlementsPovzetek
Avtor v prispevku predstavlja urbano skupnost priseljencev iz Okape v Vzhodnem višavju, ki živijo v barakarskem naselju Two Mile v Port Moresbyju, glavnem mestu Papue Nove Gvineje. Obravnavano je razmerje med pojmovanjem prostora in nastankom translokalnih urbanih etničnih skupnosti.V kontekstu (post)kolonialne urbanizacije in migracij v mesta se priseljenci v urbane skupnosti povezujejo na podlagi predstav o skupnem izvirnem okolju ter ustvarjajo in rekonceptualizirajo svoje socialne mreže. Skupno izvirno okolje namreč v mestih postane tista kategorija, zaradi katere se posamezniki združujejo s sorodniki in rojaki, se naselijo v majhne zaselke in se povezujejo v širše urbane skupnosti. Njihove razpršene lokacije v urbanih naseljih Port Moresbyja so povezane v širšo socialno mrežo ali translokalno etnično skupnost.
***
This paper presents an urban community of migrants from Okapa in Eastern Highlands that settled in an urban settlement (shantytown) Two Mile in Port Moresby, the capital of Papua New Guinea. The author explores a connection between conceptualisation of space and creation of translocal urban ethnic communities. In the context of (post)colonial urbanization and rural-urban migration, city immigrants create and reconceptualize their social networks and identifications on the basis of their common origin. Common origin that also implies a possession of a common culture is a category, which in an urban context, allows a formation of a wantok sistem, a network of migrants, settled in various urban settlements. Although they live in small settlements at various locations, dispersed all over the city, Okapians are organized into a wider social network or translocal urban ethnic community.
Prenosi
Literatura
Anderson, Benedict. 1998 [1983]. Zamišljene skupnosti. O izvoru in širjenju nacionalizma. Ljubljana: ISH (Studia Humanitatis).
Barth, Fredrik. 1969. Introduction. V: Barth, F. (ur.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Bergen in Oslo, Universitets Forlaget; London: Allen & Unwin: 9–38.
Brumen, Borut. 2000. Sv. Peter in njegovi časi. Socialni spomini, časi in identitete v istrski vasi Sveti Peter. Ljubljana: Založba /*cf. (Oranžna zbirka).
Buck, Pem Davidson. 1989. Cargo-Cult Discourse. Myth and the Rationalization of Labor Relations in Papua New Guinea. Dialectical Anthropology 13: 157–171.
Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Chowning, Ann. 1977. An Introduction to the Peoples and Cultures of Melanesia. London: Cummings Publ. Comp.
Cohen, Anthony P. 1998 [1985]. The Symbolic Construction of Community. London in New York: Routledge.
Dominguez, Virginia R. in David Y. H. Wu (ur.). 1998. From Beijing to Port Moresby. The Politics of National Identity in Cultural Policies. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers.
Epstein, Arnold L. 1978. Ethos and Identity. Three Studies in Ethnicity. London: Tavistock.
Eriksen, Thomas Hylland. 1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism. Anthropological Perspectives. London: Pluto.
Fabian, Johannes. 1983. Time and the Other. How Anthropology Makes its Object. New York: Columbia University Press.
Foster, Robert J. 1991. Making National Cultures in the Global Ecumene. Annual Review of Anthropology 20: 235–60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.anthro.20.1.235
Foster, Robert J. 1995. Nation Making. Emergent Identities in Postcolonial Melanesia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Goddard, Michael. 2001. From Rolling Thunder to Reggae. Imagining Squatter Settlements in Port Moresby. The Contemporary Pacific 13 (1): 1–32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1353%2Fcp.2001.0007
Gupta, Akhil in James Ferguson. 1992. Beyond “Culture”. Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference. Cultural Anthropology 7 (1): 6–23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1525%2Fcan.1992.7.1.02a00020
Gustafsson, Berit. 1998. The Identity Construction of Ethnic and Social Groups in Contemporary Papua New Guinea. V: Wassmann, Jürg (ur.), Pacific Answers to Western Hegemony. Cultural Practices of Identity Construction. Oxford in New York, Berg: 169–190.
Harrison, Simon. 1993. The Mask of War. Violence, Ritual and Self in Melanesia. Manchester in New York: Manchester University Press.
Hirsch, Eric. 1990. From Bones to Betelnuts. Processes of Ritual Transformation and the Development of ‘National Culture’ in Papua New Guinea. Man 25 (1): 18–34. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F2804107
Hirsch, Eric. 1995. Local Persons, Metropolitan Names. Contending Forms of Simultaneity among the Fuyuge, Papua New Guinea. V: Foster, R. 1995: 185–206.
Jackson, R. T. 1977. The Growth, Nature and Future Prospects of Informal Settlements in Papua New Guinea. Pacific Viewpoint 18 (1): 22–42.
Keesing, Roger M. 1989. Creating the Past. Custom and Identity in the Contemporary Pacific. The Contemporary Pacific 1 (1): 19–42.
Keesing, Roger M. 1993. Ponovno o teorijah kulture. Antropološki zvezki 3: 23–32.
Levine, Hal B. in Marlene Wolfzahn Levine. 1979. Urbanization in Papua New Guinea. A Study of Ambivalent Townsmen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lindstrom, Lamont. 1998. Pasin Tumbuna. Culture and Nationalism in Papua New Guinea. V: Domínguez, Virginia R. in David Y. H. Wu (ur.) 1998: 141–187.
LiPuma, Edward. 1995. The Formation of Nation-States and National Cultures in Oceania. V: Foster, R. 1995: 33–68.
Lovell, Nadia (ur.). 1998. Locality and Belonging. London in New York: Routledge.
Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1992 [1922]. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. An Account of Native Enterprice and Adventure in the Archipelagos of Melanesian New Guinea. London: Routledge.
Marcus, George E. 1995. Ethnography in/of the World System. The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95–117. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.anthro.24.1.95
May, Ronald James in Ronald Skeldon. 1977. Internal Migration in Papua New Guinea. An Introduction to its Description and Analysis. V: May, Ronald James (ur.), Change and Movement. Readings on Internal Migration in Papua New Guinea. Canberra, Australian National University Press: 1–26.
Mihalic, Francis. 1983 [1971]. The Jacaranda Dictionary and Grammar of Melanesian Pidgin. Marrickville: Jacaranda Press.
Muke, John. 2001. Poverty Alleviation in Urban Settlements in the National Capital District. Port Moresby, University of Papua New Guinea [An Unpublished Pilot Study for Japan International Cooperation Agency].
Muke, John in Daniel Gonno. 2002a. The Impact of Development on Urban Settlements in the National Capital District Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby, University of Papua New Guinea [An Unpublished Evaluation Report for Japan International Cooperation Agency].
Muke, John in Daniel Gonno. 2002b. Water Consumption Among Rate-payers in the National Capital District Papua New Guinea. Port Moresby, University of Papua New Guinea [An Unpublished Evaluation Report for Eda Ranu Water and Sewerage Pty. Ltd.].
Oram, Nigel Denis. 1968. The Hula in Port Moresby. Oceania 39 (1): 1–35.
Oram, Nigel Denis. 1976. Colonial Town to Melanesian City. Port Moresby 1884–1974. Canberra: Australian National University Press.
Repič, Jaka. 2004. Etničnost na Papui Novi Gvineji. Tradicionalna ali moderna oblika družbene kategorizacije. Glasnik SED 44 (1): 15–20.
Rew, Alan. 1974. Social Images and Process in Urban New Guinea. A Study of Port Moresby. St. Paul, New York in Boston: West Publishing Co.
Sillitoe, Paul. 1998. An Introduction to the Anthropology of Melanesia. Culture and Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sillitoe, Paul. 2000. Social Change in Melanesia. Development and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, Anthony D. 1989 [1986]. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford, Basil Blackwell.
Strathern, Marilyn. 1972. Absentee Businessman. The Reaction at Home to Hageners Migrating to Port Moresby. Oceania 43 (1): 19–39.
Strathern, Marilyn. 1975. No Money On Our Skin. Hagen Migrants in Port Moresby. Canberra: Australian National Univeristy (New Guinea Research Unit Bulletin; 61).
Vertovec, Steven. 2001. Transnational Social Formation. Towards Conceptual Cross-Fertilization. http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/working%20papers/Vertovec2.pdf
Ward, Michael. 2000. Fighting for Ples in the City. Young Highlands Men in Port Moresby.’ V: Dinnen, Sinclair in Allison Ley (ur.), Reflection on Violence in Melanesia. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press: 223–38.
Ward, R. G. 1977. Internal Migration and Urbanisation in Papua New Guinea. V: May, Ronald James (ur.), Change and Movement. Readings on Internal Migration in Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Australian National University Press: 27–51.
Whiteman, J. 1973. Chimbu Family Relationships in Port Moresby. Port Moresby in Canberra: Australian National University (New Guinea Research Unit Bulletin; 52).
Zimmermann, Emil. 1912. Unsere Kolonien. Berlin in Dunaj: Ullstein & Co.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki