Obnova združb pajkov v vzhodni Ukrajini po spontanem poletnem požaru v stepi, kjer prevladujejo šopaste trave
Ključne besede:
ogrožene vrste, obnova po požaru, vrstna sestava pajkov, rezervat ‘Striltsivskyi Steppe’, poletni požar.Povzetek
Antropogeni požari na zavarovanih območjih so v zadnjem času vse bolj pogosti. Proučevala sem odziv združbe pajkov po ekstenzivnem poletnem požaru v rezervatu ‘Striltsivskyi Steppe’ v vzhodni Ukrajini. V obdobju pred požarom sem našla 117 vrst pajkov, 40 vrst je bilo zabeleženih v prvem letu, 89 vrst pa v tretjem letu po požaru. Pajki, ki prebivajo na zeliščih, so začeli naseljevati požgane ploskve julija, ko so se začeli razširjati juvenilni osebki nove generacije. Septembra je bila njihova abundanca podobna kot v nemoteni stepi in po treh letih se je vrstna sestava pajkov popolnoma obnovila. Vrstna pestrost pajkov, ki prebivajo na tleh, se je v prvem letu po požaru zmanjšala, povečala pa se je njihova aktivna gostota. V tretjem letu sta bili vrstna pestrost in aktivna gostota višji kot na kontrolnih ploskvah. Nekatere kserofilne vrste so imele zaradi požara prednost. Vrste, ki jih najdemo v opadu, so izredno ranljive. Njihovo število in pestrost se v treh letih po požaru nista obnovila. Nekatere redke vrste z zaplatasto geografsko razširjenostjo, so izginile s tega območja. Odziv redkih vrst je glavna omejitev za uporabo ognja za naravovarstven način gospodarjenja. Predpogoj za njegovo uporabo je vzpostavitev ustreznih zatočišč (refugijev) za ogrožene vrste.
Prenosi
Literatura
Anderson, R. C. 1990: The historic role of fire in the North American grasslands, In: Wallace, L. L. & Collins, S. L. (eds.): Fire in tallgrass prairie ecosystems. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, pp. 8–18.
Anderson, R. C., Leahy I. & Dhillion S. 1989: Numbers and biomass of selected insect groups on burned and unburned sand prairie. American Midland Naturalist 122: 151–162.
Bischof, R. 2006: Faunistic-ecological studies on spiders (Araneae) in burnt areas – aspects of their significance for nature conservation. Berichte der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft Oberlausitz 14: 79–96.
Borovyk, L. P. 2012: Modern peculiarity of the steppe conservation mode in ‘Streltsovsky Steppe’ zapovednik. In: Ryzkov O. V. (ed.): Rezhimy osobo okhramiayemykh prirodnykh territorii. Materially mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-practicheskoi konferentsii (Kursk, 15–18 January 2012). Kursk, pp. 11–14. [in Russian, with English summary]
Chibilev, A. A . 2014: Reflections after a fire in Burtinskaya steppe. Steppe Bulletin 3: 42–43.
Cobbold S. M. & MacMahon J. A. 2012: Guild mobility affects spider diversity: Links between foraging behavior and sensitivity to adjacent vegetation structure. Basic and Applied Ecology 13: 597–605.
Gavrilenko, V. S. 2007: Regime of absolute protection and fires in steppe reserves: unusual solution. Steppe Bulletin 23–24: 25–26. [in Russian]
Guseva N. A. & Bogach Ya. 1988: Influence of pyrogenic factor on soil surface dwelling Coleoptera of meadow steppe. In: Structure and function of protected forest-steppe ecosystems. Moscow, pp. 56–64. [in Russian].
Hartley, M. K., Rogers, W. E., Siemann E. & Grace J. 2007: Responses of prairie arthropod communities to fire and fertilizer: balancing plant and arthropod conservation. The American Midland Naturalist 157: 92–105.
Heidorn, R. 1991: Vegetation management guideline: exotic buckthorns: common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.), glossy buckthorn (R. frangula L.) and Duhurian buckthorn (R. davurica Pall.). Natural Areas Journal 11: 216–217.
Horvath, R., Magura, T., Szinetar, Č. & Tothmeresz, B. 2009: Spiders are not less diverse in small and isolated grasslands, but less diverse in overgrazed grasslands: A field study (East Hungary, Nyirseg). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 130: 16–22.
Ysnel F. & Canard A. 2000: Spider biodiversity in connection with the vegetation structure and the foliage orientation of hedges. Journal of Arachnology 28: 107–114.
Kahmen, S., Poschlod P. & Schreiberb K.-F. 2002: Conservation management of calcareous grasslands. Changes in plant species composition and response of functional traits during 25 years. Biological Conservation 104: 319–328.
Krasnobayev, Y. P. 2001: Zoogeogrphical analysis of the araneofauna of the Samarskaya Luka. Zoological Journal 80: 1315–1320. [in Russian, with English summary] Krasnobayev, Y. P. 2003: Structure of herpetobiont and hortobiont spider populations in Samarskaya Luka. Izvestia Samarskogo Nauchnogo Tsentra Rossiyskoi Akademii Nauk. Spetsialnyi Vypusk, 1: 147–156. [in Russian].
Lysenko, H. M. 2008: Pyrogenic aspects of the abiotic regulation of steppe reserve ecosystems. Ekolohia ta Noospherolohia. 19: 143–147 [in Russian, with English summary].
Magurran, A. E. 1991: Ecological diversity and its measurements. Chapman and Hall, London, 178 pp.
Nemkov V. A. & Sapiga E. V. 2010: Impact of fires on the fauna of terrestrial arthropods in protected steppe ecosystems. Russian Journal of Ecology 41: 173–179.
Nekola J. C. 2002: Effects of fire management on the richness and abundance of central North American grassland land snail faunas. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 25: 53–66.
Oparin, M. L. & Oparina O. S. 2003: Impact of fire on the dynamics of steppe vegetation. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology 2: 158–171. [in Russian, with English summary]
Osychnyuk, V. V. & Istomina G. G. 1970: Influence of burning on steppe vegetation. Ukrainian Botanical Journal 27: 284–290. [in Ukrainian, with English summary]
Page, H. & Goldammer, J. G. 2004: Prescribedburning in landscape management and nature conservation: The first long-term pilot project in Germany in the Kaiserstuhl viticulture area, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. International Forest Fire News 30: 49–58.
Panzer, R. 2002: Compatibility of prescribed burning with the conservation of insects in small, isolated prairie reserves. Conservation Biology 16: 1296–1307.
Parmenter, R. R. 2008: Long-term effects of a summer fire on desert grassland plant demographics in New Mexico. Rangeland Ecological & Management 61: 156–168.
Pichka, V. E. 1984: To the spider fauna of the Central-Chernozyom Reserve. In: Fauna i ekologiya paukoobrasnykh. Perm University, Perm pp. 68–77. [in Russian]
Polchaninova, N. Y. 1990: Comparative characteristics of the spider fauna of the steppes of Left-bank Ukraine In: News of faunistics and systematic. In: I. A. Akimov (ed.): In-t zool. AN Ukr SSR, Kiev, pp. 163– 167. [in Russian,]]
Polchaninova, N. Y. 1995. Araneofauna of the «Streltsovkaya Steppe» (Lugansk Area) and its place in the fauna of protected steppe territories. In: Problemy sokhranenya raznoobraziya prirodnykh stepnykh i lesostepnykh regionov Materialy Rossiysko - Ukrainskoi nauchnoi konferentsii (pos. Zapovednoye Kurskoi oblasti, 22–27 May 1995). KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, pp. 185–186. [in Russian].
Polchaninova, N. Y. 2002: Fauna and assemblages of spiders (Aranei) of the Yamskaya Steppe Reserve (Belgotod Area, Russia). Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette 10: 45–51. [in Russian with English summary]
Polchaninova, N. Y. 2003: Effect of hay-mowing on spider communities of the meadow steppes of the Central forest-steppe (Russia and Ukraine). Arthropoda Selecta (Special Issue 1).: 261–273.
Polchaninova, N. Y. 2006: Materials to the spider fauna inventory (Araneae) of the ‘Khomutovskaya steppe’ Nature Reserve (Donetsk Area). The Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series Biology, 729: 1–9 [in Russian, with English summary].
Polchaninova, N. Y. 2012: Assemblages of herbdwelling spiders (Araneae) of various steppe types in Ukraine and the Central Chernozem region of Russia. Arachnologische Mitteilungen 43: 66–67.
Polchaninova, N. Y. & Prokopenko, E. V. 2013: Catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Aranei) of Left-Bank Ukraine. Arthropoda Selecta (Supplement 2): 1–268.
Ponomarev, A. V. & Tsvetkov A. S. 2004: Summarized data on the spiders (Aranei) of the ‘Rostovskiy’ Reserve. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Prirodnogo Zapovednika ‘Rostovskiy’ Vypusk 3: 84–104 . [in Russian, with English summary].
Ponomarev, A. V. & Polchaninova, N. Y. 2006: The materials on the fauna of spiders (Aranei) of Belgorod Area. Caucasian Entomological Bulletin 2: 143–156. [in Russian, with English summary].
Prishutova, Z. G. & Arzanov, Y. G. 2008: Influence of the local steppe fire on the gerpetobionts. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Prirodnogo Zapovednika ‘Rostovskiy’ Vypusk 4: 192–208. [in Russian, with English summary].
Prokopenko, E. V. 2001a. The spider fauna of the Lugansk Nature Reserve. In: Bioriznomanittia pryrodnykh i tekhnohennykh biotopiv Ukrainy. In: Materialy Vseukrainskoi konferentsii studentiv, aspirantiv i molodykh vchenykh. Ch. 2. Donetsk, DonNU, pp. 160–164 [in Russian].
Prokopenko E. V. 2001b. Spiders (Aranei) of natural and transformed landscapes of the southeast of Ukraine (fauna and ecology). Autoreferate of the Thesis of Candidate (Ph.D.) of Biological Sci. Degree. Institute of Zoology of UAS, Kyiv, 20 pp. [in Russian, with English summary].
Prokopenko E. V. & Savchenko, E. Y. 2013: An influence of the steppe fire on fauna and spiders population structure (Aranei, Arachnida) in «Kamennye Mogyly» reserve (Volodarskiy Region, Donetskaya Oblast) Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1: 90–105. [in Russian, with English summary].
Robertson, K. R., Anderson, R. C. & Schwartz M. W. 1997: The tallgrass prairie mosaic. In: Schwartz, M. W. (ed.): Conservation in highly fragmented landscapes. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 55–87.
Rook, E. J., Fischer, D. G., Seyferth, R. D., Kirsch, J. L., LeRoy, C. J. & Hamman, S. 2011: Responses of prairie vegetation to fire, herbicide, and invasive species. Legacy Northwest Science 85: 288–302.
Ryabtsov, S. N. 2005: Impact of burning pressure on the vegetation cover of the South Cisurals steppe. Thesis of Candidate (Ph.D.) of Biological Sci. Degree. Orenburg, 203 pp.
Samu, F., Kádár, F., Ónodi, G., Kertész, M., Szirányi, A., Szita, É., Fetykó, K., Neidert, D., Botos, E. & Altbäcker V. 2010: Differential ecological responses of two generalist arthropod groups, spiders and carabid beetles (Araneae, Carabidae), to the effects of wildfire. Community Ecology 11: 129–139.
Savchenko K. Y. 2009: Pyrogenic factor influence on surface-dwelling Coleoptera in the forbsfescue-feather grass steppe. Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette 17(1-2): 67–73 [in Russian, with English summary]
Swengel, A. B. 2001: A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity Conservation 10: 1141–1169.
Swengel, A. B. & Swengel, S. R. 2007: Benefit of permanent non-fire refugia for Lepidoptera conservation in fire-managed sites. Journal of Insect Conservation 11: 263–279.
Tischler, W. 1949: Grundzüge der terrestrischen Tierökologie. Braunschweig, Veiweg, 219 pp.
Tishkov, A. A. 2003: Fires in steppes and savannahs. In: Materials of the 3rd International Symposium ‘Steppes of Northern Eurasia’. Gazprompechat, Ornburg, pp. 9–22 [in Russian].
Tkachenko, V. S. 2009: ‘Striltsivskyi Steppe’ in phytocoenotic monitoring of Starobilsk steppes. News of Biosphere Reserve ‘Askania-Nova’ 11: 6–19. [in Ukrainian, with English summary].
Tkachenko, V. S., Sirenko, V. O. & Podpriatov O. O. 2010: Steppe fire and pyrogenic experiment in “ Kamyani Mohyly” (Donetsk Region). News of Biosphere Reserve ‘Askania-Nova’ 12: 5–20. [In Ukrainian with English summary].
Vale, T. R. 2002: Fire, native peoples, and the natural landscape. Island Press, Washington DC., 336 pp
Valkó, O., Török, P., Deák, B. & Tóthmérész, B. 2013: Review: Prospects and limitations of prescribed burning as a management tool in European grasslands. Basic and Applied Ecology 15: 26–33
Warren, S. D., Scifres, C. J. & Teel, P. D. 1987: Response of grassland arthropods to burning: a review. Agricalture, Ecosystems, Environment 19: 103–130.
Weyman, G. S. 1993: A review of the possible causative factors and significance of ballooning in spiders. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 5: 279–291.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki
