Stališča in percepcije lokalnih prebivalcev in turistov – primerjalna študija pobratenih nacionalnih parkov Aggtelek (Madžarska) in Slovak karst (Slovaška)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v51i1.10683Ključne besede:
protected area, questionnaire, local people, world heritage, geotourism, motivationPovzetek
Nacionalni parki so glavna zavarovana območja, namenjena predvsem varstvu narave, poleg tega so ta območja pomembna tudi za turizem. Kraška območja so na splošno neugodna z vidika tradicionalnega kmetovanja, turizem pa lahko tistim, ki živijo na takih območjih, zagotovi nove načine preživljanja. Zato je pomembno, kako lokalni prebivalci zaznavajo nacionalne parke in turizem, pomemben dejavnik pa je tudi mnenje turistov. V tem članku predstavljamo rezultate ankete, ki smo jo izvedli v nacionalnih parkih Aggtelek in Slovak Karst (Slovaški kras). Naši rezultati kažejo, da je domačinom najpomembnejši naravni vir gozd, tega pogosto obiskujejo, turistom pa so najpomembnejše jame. Konflikti med domačini in turisti so zanemarljivi, vsi pa se strinjajo z nadaljnjo krepitvijo turizma. Z vidika obeh parkov ima večina turistov in domačinov pozitivno mnenje o nacionalnem parku. Pri tem pa ima precejšnja skupina lokalnih prebivalcev negativno mnenje o nacionalnem parku. Eden od razlogov za to je morda prepričanje domačinov, da imajo le neznaten vpliv na odločitve v zvezi z nacionalnim parkom. Nacionalni park Aggtelek ima v življenju domačinov pomembnejšo vlogo kot nacionalni park Slovak Karst, saj je v prvem na voljo boljša organiziranost in več človeških virov za manjše število prebivalcev. Čeprav geoturizem še ni uveljavljen v besedišču tako lokalnih prebivalcev kot vodstva parka, sem majhen, a pomemben del obiskovalcev šteje za geoturiste v širšem pomenu besede. Za turiste je ključna beseda jama, vsebina pojma kras pa je obiskovalcem (zlasti na madžarski strani) precej manj znana. Na Madžarskem se turizem v jami Baradla razvija pretežno zaradi šolskega izobraževanja. Ugotovili smo, da svetovni splet, čeprav je eden najpomembnejših virov informacij za obiskovalce, ni na prvem mestu in v primerjavi z drugimi dejavniki ne izstopa.
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