Onesnaženje z mikroplastiko v ranljivem krašem okolju: primer slovenskega klasičnega krasa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v51i1.10597Ključne besede:
jame, podzemna voda, onesnaženje, vodonosnik, Postojna, ŠkocjanPovzetek
Z začetkom proizvodnje plastičnih polimerov pred več kot stoletjem se je pojavil pereč problem kopičenja plastičnih odpadkov v okolju. V zadnjih letih se problematika majhnih delcev plastike (mikroplastike, MP) pospešeno proučuje, kljub vsemu je malo znanega o količinah in vrstah MP v kraškem okolju. Namen te raziskave je bil odvzeti in analizirati vzorce iz kraških habitatov ter poskusiti določiti onesnaženje z mikroplastiko v kraških izvirih, ki se uporabljajo kot viri pitne vode. Od potencialnih virov onesnaženja smo vzorčili deževnico, izpust očiščene vode iz dveh komunalnih čistilnih naprav in izcedne vode iz smetišča. Analize polimerov potencialnih MP delcev smo opravili z metodo FTIR-ATR. Rezultati so pokazali, da osem vzorcev s postojnskega območja (Postojnsko-planinski jamski sistem, vzorec deževnice in vzorci površinskih voda) vsebuje do 444 MP delcev na m3. Po drugi strani 32 odvzetih vzorcev iz jamskega sistema Škocjanske jame: Kačna jama ‒ Jama 1 v Kanjaducah vsebuje do 60.000 MP delcev na m3, z najvišjo koncentracijo vlaken MP v jamskem sistemu Škocjanske jame: Kačna jama. Rezultati polimerne analize so pokazali, da vzorci s postojnskega območja vsebujejo največ PET, PU in PA polimere, z majhnim deležem polimerov, ki imajo podoben spekter kot plastična gobica za čiščenje. Vzorci s škocjanskega območja so vsebovali večinoma PP, PET in PE polimere, z manjšim deležem PA in PU polimerov. Vzorci sedimenta so vsebovali precej manj MP delcev kot vodni vzorci, kar kaže na hiter prenos onesnaženja skozi kraški vodonosnik.
Prenosi
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