Forecasting Versus Predicting Solute Transport in Solution Conduits for Estimating Drinking-Water Risks

Authors

  • Malcom S. Field U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment (8623D) 1200 Pennsylvania, Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20460

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v33i2.295

Abstract

Vnos polutantov v kras ima lahko hitre in uničujoče posledice za pitno vodo. Ker je nevarnost izlitja vedno navzoča, je prav, da upravniki vodnih virov predvidijo scenarije onesnaženja še preden se to v resnici zgodi. Različne scenarije vnosa polutantov v kras lahko predvidimo z uporabo že znanih podatkov in meritev v vodonosniku. Napoved širjenja polutantov je najbolj zanesljiva, če temelji na rezultatih številnih sledenj med različnimi vhodnimi in izhodnimi točkami. Na ta način lahko primerne tranportne parametre določimo z analizo krivulj koncentracij. S kombiniranjem različnih krivulj in uporabo ustrezne aproksimacijske metode, lahko razultate združimo v eno samo krivuljo koncentracij, ki jo uporabimo za predvidenje širjenja polutantov. Širjenje polutantov lahko napovemo tudi z uporabo osnovnih tranportnih parametrov, ki veljajo za kraške prevodnike in ustreznih transportnih enačb. Rezultat so krivulje koncentracij, ki jih tudi uporabimo za napoved posledic možnega vnosa polutantov v kras. Obe metodi smo preizkusili na namišljenem vnosu polutantov v kraški kanal in pri obeh dobili sprejemljive rezultate. Metoda, ki temelji na uporabi transportnih enačb, se je izkazala za boljšo pri oceni potovalnega časa in koncentracije, ki smo ji izpostavljeni. Poleg tega je pri tej metodi delež povrnjenega sledila večji.

Contaminant releases in karstic terranes can cause rapid and devastating affects on drinking-water supplies. Because future contaminant releases are likely it is necessary that local water managers develop release scenarios so as to be prepared prior to an actual contaminant release occurring. Release scenarios may be forecasted using appropriate historical data or they may be predicted using selected measured parameters. Forecasting contaminant releases to drinking-water supplies in karstic terranes is best accomplished by conducting numerous tracer tests from each potential source location to each exposure point so that acceptable solute-transport parameters for each solution conduit may be estimated from analyses of the breakthrough curves. Compositing the numerous breakthrough curves and fitting a quintic spline allows development of a single representative breakthrough curve that may then be used to forecast the effects of a release. Predicting contaminant releases is accomplished by combining basic measured field parameters for selected solution conduits in functional relationships for application in solute-transport models. The resulting breakthrough curve and solute-transport parameters can be used to predict the effects of a release. The forecasting and prediction methodologies were tested using a hypothetical release into a solution conduit developed in a karstic aquifer. Both methods were shown to produce reasonably acceptable results. The prediction methodology produced better time-of-travel results and better mass recovery and exposure concentration results than did the forecasting methodology.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2016-05-19

How to Cite

Field, M. S. (2016). Forecasting Versus Predicting Solute Transport in Solution Conduits for Estimating Drinking-Water Risks. Acta Carsologica, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v33i2.295

Issue

Section

Original papers