Achieving sustainable spatial development in the Alps through participatory planning

Janez Nared; Nika Razpotnik Visković; Dominik Cremer-Schulte; Riccardo Brozzi; Felipe Cortines Garcia

doi:10.3986/AGS.1631

Authors

Janez Nared Anton Melik Geographical Institute Research centre of the Slovenian academy of sciences and arts Gosposka ulica 13, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Nika Razpotnik Visković Anton Melik Geographical Institute Research centre of the Slovenian academy of sciences and arts Gosposka ulica 13, SI – 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Dominik Cremer-Schulte National research institute of science and technology for environment and agriculture 2, rue de la papeterie, BP 76, 38402 Saint-Martin-d’Hères Cedex, Grenoble, France
Riccardo Brozzi Institute for regional development and location management European academy of Bozen/Bolzano Viale Druso, 1 / Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano / Bozen, Italy
Felipe Cortines Garcia Institute for regional development and location management European academy of Bozen/Bolzano Viale Druso, 1 / Drususallee 1, 39100 Bolzano / Bozen, Italy

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.1631

Keywords:

geography, spatial planning, participatory planning, Alps, sustainable development

Abstract

This article analyzes the legal frameworks of participatory planning in Alpine countries and assesses its role in achieving more sustainable spatial development in the Alps. Our research analyzed twenty-seven legal acts from seven Alpine countries and shows that the role of stakeholder participation in spatial planning has gradually increased. However, participation still remains at a rather unsatisfactory level, mainly because of its pro-forma character and practitioners’ insufficient knowledge on how to implement it. To increase the use of participatory processes, it is important 1) to convince planning stakeholders that participation is a key instrument in ensuring sustainable spatial development and 2) to inform practitioners about participatory methods and techniques.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abels, G. 2007: Citizen involvement in public policy-making: does it improve democratic legitimacy and accountability? The case of pTA. Interdisciplinary information sciences 13-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4036/iis.2007.103

Alpine convention, 2014. Internet: http://www.alpconv.org/en/convention/default.aspx (11. 9. 2014).

Arena, G., Cortese, F. 2011: Per governare insieme: il federalismo come metodo. Verso nuove forme della democrazia. Milano.

Austrian spatial development concept, 2011. Internet: http://www.oerok.gv.at/fileadmin/Bilder/2.Reiter-Raum_u._Region/1.OEREK/OEREK_2011/Dokumente_OEREK_2011/OEREK_2011_EN_Downloadversion.pdf (10. 8. 2014).

Baloh, T. 2013: Primerjalno-pravni pregled sistema prostorskega načrtovanja glede sodelovanja javnosti. Ljubljana. Internet: http://mrezaprostor.si/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Primerjalno-pravni-pregled-sodelovanja-javnosti-pri-OPN.pdf (1. 9. 2014).

Bobbio, L. 2007: Amministrare con i cittadini. Viaggio tra le pratiche di partecipazione in Italia. Presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri. Dipartimento della funzione pubblica. Roma.

Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters, 1998. Aarhus. Internet: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf (15. 11. 2015).

European communities 2000: The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies – Austria. Regional development studies series. Luxembourg.

European parliament 2001: EU strategic environment assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment. Directive 2001/42/EC. Internet : http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32001L0042 (20. 1. 2015).

Fülöp, S. 2013: Public participation in spatial planning procedures. Comparative study of six EU member states. Justice and environment. Internet: http://www.justiceandenvironment.org/_files/file/2013/Land%20use%20planning%20and%20access.pdf (20. 1. 2015).

Garofoli, G., Musyck, B. 2001: Innovation policies for SMEs in Europe: Towards an interactive model? Regional studies 35-9.

Geoghegan, T., Renard, Y., Brown, N. A. 2004: Guidelines for participatory planning: a manual for Caribbean natural resource managers and planners. Port of Spain.

Golobič, M., Marušič, I. 2007: Developing an integrated approach for public participation: a case of land-use planning in Slovenia. Environment and planning B: planning and design 34. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b32080

Hage, M., Leroy, P., Petersen, A. C. 2010: Stakeholder participation in environmental knowledge production. Futures 42. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2009.11.011

Healey, P. 2004: The treatment of space and place in the new strategic spatial planning in Europe. International journal of urban and regional research, 28-1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00502.x

Handbuch Bürgerbeteiligung für Land und Gemeinden. 2010. Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung, Bregenz. Internet: http://www.vorarlberg.at/pdf/handbuchbuergerbeteiligun.pdf (7. 10. 2014).

Knieling, J., Othengrafen, F. 2009: Planning cultures in Europe. Decoding cultural phenomena in urban and regional planning. Farnham.

Law Grenelle I, France, 2009: Law n° 2009/967 du 3 août 2009 de programmation relative à la mise en œuvre du Grenelle de l'environnement. Paris. Internet: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000020949548 (20. 1. 2015).

Law Grenelle II, France, 2010: Law n° 2010/788 du 12 juillet 2010 portant engagement national pour l'environnement. Paris. Internet: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000022470434 (20. 1. 2015).

Law for spatial planning and sustainable development, France, 1999: Law n° 99-533 du 25 juin 1999 d'orientation pour l'aménagement et le développement durable du territoire et portant modification de la loi no 95-115 du 4 février 1995 d'orientation pour l'aménagement et le développement du territoire. Paris. Internet: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000760911&categorieLien=id (20. 1. 2015).

Law Solidarity and urban renewal, France, 2000: Law n° 2000/1208 du 13 décembre 2000 relative à la solidarité et au renouvellement urbains. Paris. Internet: http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000207538&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id (20. 1. 2015).

Lederer, M. 2009: Positionspapier Partizipation. Vorarlberg. Internet: http://www.vorarlberg.at/pdf/positionspapier_vers7.pdf (7. 10. 2014).

Luyet, V., Schlaepfer, R., Parlange, M. B., Buttler, A. 2012: A framework to implement Stakeholder participation in environmental projects. Journal of environmental management 111. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.06.026

Marxer, W., Pállinger, Z. T. 2007: System contexts and system effects of direct democracy - direct democracy in Liechtenstein and Switzerland compared. Direct democracy in Europe: developments and prospects. Wiesbaden.

Meyer, J. A. 1999: Regionalmarketing: Grundlagen, Konzepte, Anwendung. München.

Mo.Re.Co. Belluno, 2014. Internet: http://www.morecobelluno.eu/ (4. 8. 2014).

Monédiaire, G. 2011: La participation du public organisée par le droit : des principes prometteurs, une mise en œuvre circonspecte. Paris. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/parti.001.0134

Nared, J., Razpotnik Visković, N. 2014: Managing cultural heritage sites in Southeastern Europe. Ljubljana.

Nared, J., Smrekar, A., Bole, D., Kozina, J., Fridl, J., Polajnar Horvat, K., Gabrovec, M., Repolusk, P., Zavodnik Lamovšek, A., Sever, B. 2011: Inovativna strategija trajnostnega razvoja Občine Idrija. Geografski inštitut Antona Melika ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana.

Pacione, M. 2014: The power of public participation in local planning in Scotland: the case of conflict over residential development in the metropolitan green belt. GeoJournal 79. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-013-9477-y

Partizipation & nachhaltige Entwicklung in Europa. Internet: http://www.partizipation.at/835.html (9. 10. 2014).

Protocol on the implementation of the Alpine convention of 1991 relating to spatial planning and sustainable development, 1994. Internet: http://www.alpconv.org/en/convention/protocols/Documents/Protokoll_RaumplanungGB.pdf (11. 9. 2014).

Pütz, M., Kruse, S., Casanova, E., Butterling, M. 2011: Climate change fitness of spatial planning. WP 5 Synthesis Report. ETC Alpine Space Project CLISP. Birmensdorf.

Rauch, T., Bartels, M., Engel, A. 2001: Regional rural development: A regional response to rural poverty. Wiesbaden.

Reed, M. S. 2008: Stakeholder participation for environmental management: a literature review. Biological conservation 141-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.014

Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein, 2008: Baugesetz (BauG) vom 11. Dezember 2008, 701.0. Internet: https://www.gesetze.li/Seite2.jsp?LGBlm=2009044 (20. 1. 2015).

Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein, 1992: Gesetz vom 25. März 1992 über die Erhaltung und Sicherung des landwirtschaftlich nutzbaren Bodens), 702.1. Internet: https://www.gesetze.li/Seite2.jsp?LGBlm=2009044 (20. 1. 2015).

Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein, 2011: Landesrichtplan. Liechtenstein, 2011. Internet: http://www.llv.li/files/abi/pdf-llv-slp-lrpl-gesamtbericht_3-2011.pdf (20. 1. 2015).

Reimer, M., Getimis, P., Blotevogel, H. H. 2014: Spatial planning system and practices in Europe. A comparative perspective on continuity and changes. New York.

Regione Emilia Romagna 2010: Regional Law 3/2010. Internet: http://demetra.regione.emilia-romagna.it/al/monitor.php?vi=nor&urn=er:assemblealegislativa:legge:2010;3 (24. 7. 2014).

Regione Toscana 2013: Regional Law 46/2013. Internet: http://raccoltanormativa.consiglio.regione.toscana.it/formati/stampepdf/legge-2013-00046.pdf ( 24. 7. 2014).

Ricketts, A. 2008: Participation in place-making: Enhancing the wellbeing of marginalised communities in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Internet: http://www.chranz.co.nz/pdfs/a-ricketts-participation-in-place-making.pdf (1. 3. 2014).

Sayce, K., Shuman, K., Connor, D., Reisewitz, A., Pope, E., Miller-Henson, M., Poncelet, E., Monié, D., Owens, B. 2013: Beyond traditional stakeholder engagement: Public participation roles in California’s statewide marine protected area planning process. Ocean and coastal management 74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.06.012

Spatial Planning Act, Germany, 2008: Raumordnungsgesetz vom 22. 12. 2008. Internet: http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bundesrecht/rog_2008/gesamt.pdf (20. 1. 2015).

Spatial planning law, Switzerland, 1979: Bundesgesetz über die Raumplanung (Raumplanungsgesetz, RPG) vom 22. Juni 1979 (Stand am 1. Mai 2014). Internet: http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19790171/index.html (20. 1. 2015).

Strategie NÖ – die BürgerInnenbeteiligung im Überblick. 2010. Internet: http://www.noe.gv.at/Land-Zukunft/Landesentwicklung-Strategie-NOe/Strategie-NOe/Strategie_BuergerInnenbeteiligung.html (13. 1. 2015).

Turowski, G. 2002: Spatial planning in Germany—Structures and concepts: Studies in spatial development. Hannover.

Vis!on Rheintal. Bregenz, 2015. Internet: http://www.vision-rheintal.at/aktuelles.html (15. 1. 2015).

Zakon o urbanističnem planiranju. Uradni list Socialistične Republike Slovenije 26/1967. Ljubljana.

ZukunftsRaum Tirol_2011. Innsbruck, 2011. Internet: https://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/themen/landesentwicklung/raumordnung/zukunftsraum/downloads/ROPlan_ZukunftsRaum_110927_web.pdf (15. 1. 2015).

Zumaglini, M., Nared, J., Alfarè, L., Razpotnik, N., Urbanc, M. 2008: Participation process in regional development: DIAMONT's perspective. Arbeitshefte/Quaderni 52. Bolzano/Bozen.