Hydromorphological Classification of Slovenian Rivers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS50202Keywords:
geography, rivers, classification, hydromorphological types, hydromorphological variables, hydrology, co-occurrence analysis, SloveniaAbstract
This paper provides an overview of hydromorphological and related classifications of rivers in Slovenia and elsewhere. The Rosgen classification is presented in greater detail; it was used in the study as the basis for developing the first Slovenian hydromorphological classification. A hydromorphological survey form was designed to classify rivers and used in the office and field survey of hydromorphological variables in the 95 river sections selected in Slovenia. In the river sections studied, hydromorphological types were identified by analyzing the co-occurrence of selected hydromorphological variables. This method was used to identify 10 hydromorphological types, for which the main hydromorphological features are presented in this paper. Based on the results of the first hydromorphological classification of Slovenian rivers, guidelines are provided for future work.Downloads
References
Batistič, P. 2005: Vrednotenje ekomorfološke kakovosti vodotokov z metodo IFF. Bachelor's thesis. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Batistič, P., Bizjak, A., Mikoš, M. 2006: Testing of the I.F.F. method for ecomorphological assessment of rivers in Slovenia. Geophysical Research Abstracts 8, 01675. http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU06/01675/EGU06-J-01675-1.pdf
Bizjak, A. 2003: Sintezni postopek ocenjevanja hidromorfološkega stanja rečnih koridorjev, razvit z analizo stanja na reki Dragonji. Doctoral dissertation. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Bizjak, A., Mikoš, M. 2004: Synthesis procedure of assessing the hydromorphological status of river corridors : The Dragonja river case study. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics. Madrid. International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research.
Bratina Jurkovič, N. 1999: Vrednotenje krajinskih značilnosti vodotokov v Sloveniji. Master’s thesis. Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta. Ljubljana.
Brice, J. C., Blodgett, J. C. 1978: Counter measures for hydraulic problems at bridges. Analysis Assessment, Report No. FHWA-RD-78-162, Washington, D. C.
Brilly, M., Vidmar, A., Šraj, M. 2003: Tipologija površinskih vodnih teles – prostorska baza tipov vodotokov in jezer, sistem A in sistem B. Poročilo. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Brown, L.E., Hannah, D.M., Milner, A.M. 2009: ARISE: a classification tool for Alpine River and Stream Ecosystem. Freshwater Biology 54-6. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02161.x
Church, M. 1992: Channel morphology and typology. In: Calow, P., Petts, G. The River Handbook: Hydrological and Ecological Principles. Birmingham.
Church, M., Jones, D. 1982: Channel bars in gravel-bed rivers. In: Hey, R. D., Bathurst, J. C., Thorne. Gravel-bed rivers: Fluvial processes, engineering and management. London.
CIS. 2003: River and lakes – Typology, reference conditions and classification systems. Guidance document 10. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive 60, 2000. Brussels. Internet: http://forum.europa.eu.int/Public/irc/env/wfd/library?l=/framework_direc. (14 Jun 2006).
Collins, B.D., Montgomery, D.R. 2001: Importance of archival and process studies to characterizing presettlement riverine geomorphic process and habitat in the Puget Lowland. In: Dorava, J.B., Montgomery, D.R., Placsak, B., Fitzpatrick, F. Geomorphic Processes and Riverine Habitat. American Geophysical Union. Washington.
Culbertson, D. M., Young, L. E., Brice, J. C. 1967: Scour and fill in alluvial channels. US Geological Survey. Washington.
Detering, U., Drüke, J., Hübner, t., Hüsing, K.-H., Klähn, D., Kolf, R., Lacombe, J., Lanphen, B., Mathea, C., Meyer-Höltzl, S., Schütz, E., Hänel, S. 2003: Wasserwirtschaft Nordrhein-Westfalen, Handbuch zur naturnahen Entwicklung von Fließgewässern. Ministerium für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz. Düsseldorf.
Direktiva 2000/60/ES 2000: Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta In Sveta 2000/60/ES z dne 23. oktobra 2000 o določitvi okvira za ukrepe Skupnosti na področju vodne politike. Bruselj.
Dodkins, I., Rippey, B., Harrington, T.J., Bradley, C., Chathain, B.N., Kelly-Quinn, M., McGarrigle, M., Hodge, S., Trigg, D. 2005: Developing an optimal river typology for biological elements within the Water Framework Directive. Water Research 39-15. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.008
Downs, P. W. 1994: Characterization of river channel adjustments in the Thames Basin, South-East England. Regulated Rivers: Research and Management 9:151-175. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rrr.3450090303
Downs, P. W. 1995: Estimating the probability of river channel adjustment. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 20: 687-705. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290200710
Doyle, M. W., Miller, D. E., Harbor, J.M. 1999: Should river restoration be based on classification schemes or process models? Insights from the history of geomorphology. ASCE International Conference on Water Resources Engineering, Seattle, WA.http://www.blwi.com/DoyleMD_StreamRestoration_Historical_1999aa.pdf (23 Oct 2006).
Fazarinc, R., Hlad, B., Kondrič, T., Bizjak, A., Bratina, N. 2002: Kategorizacija vodotokov po ekomorfološkem pomenu – novelacija metodologije in kategoriziranje vodotokov. Vodnogospodarski inštitut. Ljubljana.
Fogg, J., Wells, G. 1998: Stream corridor restoration: Principles, processes and practices. Federal Interagency Stream Restoration Working Group. Washington D. C.
Frissell, C.A., Liss, W.J., Warren, C.E., Hurley, M.D. 1986: A hierarchical framework for stream habitat classification: viewing streams in a watershed context. Environmental Management 10: 199–214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867358
Gams, I. 1973: Prispevek h klasifikaciji poplav v Sloveniji. Geografski obzornik 1-2.
Gams, I. 1986: Osnove pokrajinske ekologije. Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta. Ljubljana
Gordon, N.D., McMahon, T.A., Finlayson, B.L., Grippel, C.J., Nathan, R.J. 2004: Stream hydrology: An introduction for ecologists. London.
Grant, G. E., Swanson, F. J., Wolman, M. G. 1990: Pattern and origin of stepped-bed morphology in high-gradient streams, Western Cascades, Oregon. Geological Society of America Bulletin102. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102%3C0340:PAOOSB%3E2.3.CO;2
Gurnell, A. M., Angold, P., Gregory, P. J. 2006: Classification of river corridors: Issues to be addressed in developing an operational methodology. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 4-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270040304
Henderson, F. M. 1963: Stability of alluvial channels. Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 128. Chicago.
Horton, R. E. 1945: Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin 56. Boulder.
Howard, A. D. 1980: Thresholds in river regimes. In: Coates, D. R., Vitek, J. D. Thresholds in Geomorphology. London.
Howard, A. D. 1987: Modeling fluvial systems: rock-, gravel- and sand-bad channels. In: Richards, K. River Channels. Environment and Process. Oxford.
Hrvatin, M. 1998: Pretočni režimi v Sloveniji. Geografski zbornik 38. Ljubljana.
Hudoklin, J. 1994: Tipologija krajin in opredeljevanje krajin posebnih vrednosti v Sloveniji. Master’s thesis. Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta. Ljubljana.
Kellerhals, R., Church, M., Bray, D. I. 1976: Classification and analysis of river processes. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers 102-7. Washington.
Khan, H. R. 1971: Laboratory studies of alluvial river channel patterns. Ph. D. Dissertation. Dept. of Civil Engineering Department, Colorado State University. Fort Collins.
Knighton, D. 1998: Fluvial forms and processes: A new perspective. London.
Kondolf, G.M. 1995: Geomorphological stream channel classification in aquatic habitat restoration: Uses and limitations. Aquatic Conservation 5. Malden. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3270050205
Kondolf, G.M., Montgomery, D.R., Piegay, H., Schmitt, L. 2003: Geomorphic classification of rivers and streams. In: Kondolf, G.M., Piegay, H. Tools in fluvial geomorphology. London.
Lavrenčič, U. 2005. Ekomorfološko vrednotenje vodotokov z metodo SVAP. Bachelor’s thesis. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Lavrenčič, U., Bizjak, A., Mikoš, M. 2006: A comparison between different methods for ecomorphological assessment of rivers. Geophysical Research Abstracts 8, 01690. Internet: http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU06/01690/EGU06-J-01690-1.pdf
Leksikon, Geografija. 2001. Ljubljana.
Leopold, L. B. Wolman, M. G. 1957: River Channel Patterns – Braided, Meandering, and Straight, US Geological Survey Professional paper 282(B). Washington.
Leopold, L.B., Maddock, T. 1953: The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications. U.S. Geological Survey Professional paper 252. Washington.
Leopold, L.B., Wolman, M.G., Miller, J.P. 1964: Fluvial processes in geomorphology.
Malakoff, D. 2006: The river doctor. Internet: www.sciencemag.org (27 Apr 2006)
Marušič, J. 1998a: Krajine alpske regije, Regionalna razdelitev krajinskih tipov v Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Urad RS za okolje in prostor. Ljubljana
Marušič, J. 1998b: Krajine predalpske regije, Regionalna razdelitev krajinskih tipov v Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Urad RS za okolje in prostor. Ljubljana
Marušič, J. 1998c: Krajine subpanonske regije, Regionalna razdelitev krajinskih tipov v Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Urad RS za okolje in prostor. Ljubljana
Marušič, J. 1998d: Kraške krajine notranje Slovenije, Regionalna razdelitev krajinskih tipov v Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Urad RS za okolje in prostor. Ljubljana
Marušič, J. 1998e: Krajine primorske regije, Regionalna razdelitev krajinskih tipov v Sloveniji. Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor, Urad RS za okolje in prostor. Ljubljana
Mikoš, M. 2000: Urejanje vodotokov. Skripta. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana
Mikoš, M., Bizjak, A. 2007: Gewässerstrukturgüterkartierungen in Slowenien anhand verschiedener Methoden. Österreischische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 59-1/2. Wien.
Mollard, J. D. 1973: Air photo interpretation of fluvial features. In Fluvial Processes and Sedimentation. Research Council of Canada. Edmonton.
Montgomery, D.R. 2006: Geomorphology and restoration ecology. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education 134. Washington. Internet:http://duff.geology.washington.edu/grg/publications/pdfs/Montgomery_Jrnl. (23 Jun 2006).
Montgomery, D.R., Buffington, J.M. 1997: Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological society of America Bulletin 5. Washington. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109%3C0596:CRMIMD%3E2.3.CO;2
Naiman, R.J., Lonzarich, D.G., Beechie, T.J., Ralph, S.C. 1992: General principles of classification and the assessment of conservation potential in rivers. In: Boon, P. J., Calow, P., Pets, G. E. River conservation and management. New York.
Nanson, G. C., Croke, J. C. 1992: A genetic classification of floodplains. Geomorphology 4. Amsterdam. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(92)90039-Q
Natek, K. 2006: Geografska tipizacija vodotokov. Personal communication. Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, Oddelek za geografijo. Ljubljana.
Newton, B., Pringle, C.M., Bjorkland, R. 1999: Stream Visual Assessment Protocol. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Washington.
Palmer, M. A., Bernhardt, E. S., Allan, J. D., Lake, P. S., Alexander, G., Brooks, S., Carr, J., Clayton, S., Dahm, C. N., Follstad Shah, J., Galat, D. L., Loss, S. G., Goodwin, P., Hart, D. D., Hassett, B., Jenkinskon, R., Kondolf, G. M., Lave, R., Meyer, J. L., O’Donnell, T. K., Pagano, L., Sudduth, E. 2005: Standards for ecologically successful river restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 42. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01004.x
Parsons, M., Thoms, M., Norris, R. 2001: Australian river assessment system: AusRivAS physical assessment protocol, Monitoring river health initiative technical report 22. Cooperative Research Centre of Freshwater Ecology. Canberra.
Patt, H., Jürging, P., Kraus, W. 2008: Naturnaher Wasserbau, Entwicklung und Gestaltung von Fließgewässern. Springer.
Paustian, S. J. 1992: A channel type users guide for the Tsongas National Forest, Southeast Alaska. Technical Paper 26. Washington.
Petersen, R. 1992: The RCE: A riparian, channel, and environmental inventory for small streams in the agricultural landscape. Freshwater Biology 27. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1992.tb00541.x
Platts, W.S. 1980: A plea for fishery habitat classification. Fisheries 5. Washington. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1980)005%3C0002:APFFHC%3E2.0.CO;2
Raven, P. J., Holmes, N. T. H., Dawson, F. H., Fox, P. J. A., Everard, M., Fozzard, I. R., Rouen, K. J. 1998: River habitat quality, the physical character of rivers and streams in the UK and Isle of Man. River Habitat Survey 2. Bristol.
Repnik, P. 2006: Prispevek k hidromorfološki tipizaciji slovenskih vodotokov. Bachelor’s thesis. Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo. Ljubljana.
Rosgen, D. 1996: Applied river morphology. Pagosa Springs.
Schumm, S. A. 1963: A Tentative Classification of Alluvial River Channels. US Geological Survey Circular 477. Washington.
Schumm, S. A. 1977: The Fluvial System. New York.
Selby, M. J. 1985: Earth’s changing surface: an introduction to geomorphology. Oxford.
Siligardi, M., Cappelletti, C., Chierici, E., Ciutti, F., Egaddi, F., Franceschini, A., Maiolini, B., Mancini, L., Miniciardi, M.R., Monuani, C., Rossi, G. L., Sansoni, R., Zanetti, M. 2000: I.F.F. Indice di Funzionalita Fluviale. Roma.
Šraj, M. 2001: Šifrant padavinskih območij vodotokov Republike Slovenije. Acta hydrotehnica 19-30. Ljubljana.
Strahler, A. N. 1957: Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 38-6. Washington.
Urbanič, G. 2007: Predstavitev rezultatov tipologije rek (biološko preverjene) v Sloveniji. Personal communication. Ljubljana.
Whiting, P. J., Bradley, J. B. 1993: A process-based classification system for headwater streams. Earth Surface Process and Landforms 18. Malden. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290180704
Wright, J. F., Moss, D., Armitage, P. D., Furse, M. T. 1984: A preliminary classification of running water sites in Great Britain based on macroinvertebrate species and prediction on community type using environmental data. Freshwater Biology 14. London. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00039.x
Zumbroich, T., Müller, A., Friedrich, G. 1999: Strukturgüte von Flieβgewässern, Grundlagen und Kartierung. Berlin.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
