The North Atlantic Oscillation influence on the Debeli Namet Glacier

Gordana Jovanović

doi:10.3986/AGS.10834

Authors

Gordana Jovanović University of Montenegro, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Podgorica, Montenegro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8349-4189

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.10834

Keywords:

The North Atlantic Oscillation, precipitation, temperatures, Debeli Namet Glacier, glacier size

Abstract

This article presents the relationship between climate variables in the Durmitor Massif (Montenegro) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). A new climate standard for temperatures and precipitation over the last 30 years has been presented. The Debeli Namet Glacier is an indicator of climate change. We have shown that the size of this glacier is affected by the NAO which mainly affects the precipitation in the accumulation period from December to March. During the ablation period from June to September, the influence of the NAO on precipitation and temperatures is less pronounced. El Niño and La Niña events are significant, especially in years with a low NAO index. The relationship between El Niño/La Niña and the NAO is still a subject of scientific debate.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Burić, M., Micev, B., Mitrović, L. 2012: Atlas klime Crne Gore. Podgorica.

Cattiaux, J., Vautard, R., Cassou, C., Yiou, P., Masson-Delmotte, V., Codron, F. 2010: Winter 2010 in Europe: A cold extreme in a warming climate. Geophysical Research Letters 37-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL044613

Chen, J., Ohmura, A. 1990: Estimation of Alpine glacier water resources and their change since the 1870s. Hydrology in Mountainous Regions. International association of hydrological sciences 193.

Cohen, J. L., Furtado, J. C., Barlow, M. A., Alexeev, V. A., Cherry, J. E. 2012: Arctic warming, increasing snow cover and widespread boreal winter cooling. Environmental Research Letters 7-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/7/1/014007

Colucci, R. R., Žebre, M., Torma, C. Z., Glasser, N. F., Maset, E., Del Gobbo, C., Pillon, S. 2021: Recent increases in winter snowfall provide resilience to very small glaciers in the Julian Alps, Europe. Atmosphere 12-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020263

Criado-Aldeanueva, F., Soto-Navarro, J. 2020: Climatic Indices over the Mediterranean Sea: A Review. Applied Sciences 10-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175790

Cvijić, J. 1889: Glacijalne i morfološke studije o planinama Bosne, Hercegovine i Crne Gore. Beograd.

Cvijić, J. 1903: Novi rezultati o glacijalnoj eposi Balkanskog poluostrva. Beograd.

Cvijić, J. 1914. Eiszeitliche Vergletscherung der Gebirgsgruppen von Prokletije bis Durmitor. Maßstab 1:200,000. Des K.u.k. Militärgeographischen Institutes. Wien.

Cvijić, J. 1917: L’époque glaciaire dans la péninsule des Balkanique. Annales de Géographie 26-144.

Cvijić, J. 1920: Istorija geografije. Beograd.

Djurović, P. 2009: Reconstruction of the pleistocene glaciers of mount Durmitor in Montenegro. Acta geographica Slovenica 49-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS49202

Djurović, P. 2012: The Debeli Namet glacier from the second half of the 20th century to the present. Acta geographica Slovenica 52-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS52201

Drews, A., Huo, W., Matthes, K., Kodera, K., Kruschke, T. 2021: The Sun's role for decadal climate predictability in the North Atlantic. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7893-2022

Eshel, G., Farrell, B. F. 2000: Mechanisms of Eastern Mediterranean rainfall variability. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 57-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3219:MOEMRV>2.0.CO;2

Gachev, E. 2011: Inter-annual size variations of Snezhnika glacieret (the Pirin mountains, Bulgaria) in the last ten years. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica 45-7.

Gachev, E. 2017: The unknown southernmost glaciers of Europe. Glacier Evolution in a Changing World. London. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.68899

Gachev, E. 2020: Small glaciers in the Dinaric mountains after eight years of observation: On the verge of extinction? Acta geographica Slovenica 60-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.8092

Gachev, E. 2022: Response of Very Small Glaciers to Climate Variations and Change: Examples from the Pirin Mountains, Bulgaria. Atmosphere 13-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060859

Grunewald, K., Scheithauer, J. 2010: Europe’s southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change. Journal of Glaciology 56-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3189/002214310791190947

Hagedorn, J. 1969: Beiträge zur Quartarmorphologie griechischer Hochgebirge. Habilitation Thesis, Geographisches Institut der Universität. Göttingen.

Hughes, P. D. 2007: Recent behaviour of the Debeli Namet glacier, Durmitor, Montenegro. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 32-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.1537

Hughes, P. D. 2008: Response of a Montenegro glacier to extreme summer heatwaves in 2003 and 2007. Series A, Physical Geography 90-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2008.00344.x

Hughes, P. D. 2009: Twenty-first century glaciers and climate in the Prokletije Mountains, Albania. Artic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 41-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-41.4.455

Hughes, P. D., Woodward, J. C., van Calsteren, P. C., Thomas, L. E., Adamson, K. R. 2010:

Pleistocene ice caps on the coastal mountains of the Adriatic Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews 29-27/28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.032

Hughes, P. D., Woodward, J. 2009: Glacial and periglacial environments. The Physical Geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.003.0024

Hughes, P. D., Woodward, J. C. 2016: Quaternary glaciation in the Mediterranean mountains: A new synthesis. Geological Society London Special Publications 433-1. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1144/SP433.14

Hughes, P. D. 2018: Little Ice Age glaciers and climate in the Mediterranean mountains: a new analysis. Geographical Research Letters 44-1. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18172/cig.3362

Hurrell, J. W. 1995: Decadal trends in the North Atlantic oscillation regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269-5224. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.269.5224.676

Hurrell, J. W. 1996: Influence of variations in extratropical wintertime teleconnections on Northern Hemisphere temperature. Geophysical Research Letters 23-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/96GL00459

Hurrell, J. W., Deser, C. 2009: North Atlantic climate variability: The role of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Marine Systems 78-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2008.11.026

Kern, Z., Surányi, G., Molnár, M., Nagy, B., Balogh, D. 2007: Investigation of natural perennial ice deposits of Durmitor mts, Montenegro. Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Ice Caves. Demänovská Dolina.

Li, J. P., Sun, C., Jin, F. F. 2013: NAO implicated as a predictor of Northern Hemisphere mean temperature multidecadal variability. Geophysical Research Letters 40-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057877

Li, J. P., Ruan, C. Q. 2018: The North Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection in summer and its effects on Eurasian climates. Environmental Research Letters 13-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa9d33

Liedtke, H. 1962: Eisrand und Karstpoljen am Westrand Lukavica-Hochfläche. Erdkunde 16-4.

Louis, H. 1926: Glazialmorphologishche Beobachtungen im albanischen Epirus. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde 9-10.

Marengo, J. A. 2004: Interdecadal variability and trends of rainfall across the amazon basin. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 78,1–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0045-8

Marović, M., Marković, M. 1972: Glacijalna morfologija šire oblasti Durmitora. Geološki anali Balkanskog poluostrva 37-2.

Messerli, B. 1967: Die eiszeitliche und die gegenwartige Vertgletscherung im Mittelemeeraum. Geographica Helvetica 22-3.

Mezzina, B., Garcia-Serano, J., Blade, I., Kucharski, F. 2019: Dynamics of the ENSO teleconnection and NAO variability in the North Atlantic–European late winter. Journal of Climate 33-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0192.1

Milivojević, M., Menković, L, Ćalić, J. 2008: Pleistocene glacial relief in the central part of Mt. Prokletije (Albanian Alps). Quaternary International 190-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2008.04.006

Milojević, B. Ž. 1937: Visoke planine u našoj Kraljevini. Beograd.

Milojević, B. Ž. 1951: Durmitor-regionalno-geografska istraživanja. Zbornik radova 9-2. Beograd.

Mirković, M. 1983: Geološki sastav i tektonski sklop Durmitora, Pivske planine i Volujka. Geološki glasnik 5.

Mu, B., Li, J., Yuan, S., Luo, X. 2022: The NAO variability prediction and forecasting with multiple time scales driven by ENSO using machine learning approaches. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6141966

Nadbath, M. 1999: Triglavski ledenik in spremembe podnebja. Ujma 13.

Nicod, J. 1968: Premières recherches de morphologie karstique dans le massif du Durmitor (Crna Gora: Montenegro). Meditérraneé 9-4.

Onaca, A., Ardelean, F., Aredelean, A., Magori, B., Sirbu, F., Voiculescu, M., Gachev, E. 2020: Assessment of permafrost conditions in the highest mountains of the Balkan Peninsula. Catena 185-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.104288

Onaca, A., Gachev, E., Ardelean, F., Ardelean, A., Perșoiu, A., Hegyi, A. 2022: Small is strong: Post-LIA resilience of Europe’s Southernmost glaciers assessed by geophysical methods. Catena 213-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106143

Palmentola G, Baboci K, Gruda GJ, Zito G. 1995: A note on rock glaciers in the Albanian Alps. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 6-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430060306

Penck, A. 1900: Die Eiszeit auf der Balkanhalbinsel. Globus 78.

Rousi, E., Rust, H. W., Ulbrich, U., Anagnostopoulou, C. 2020: Implications of Winter NAO Flavors on Present and Future European Climate. Climate 8-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cli8010013

Seager, R., Kushnir, Y., Nakamura, J., Ting, M., Naik, N. 2010: Northern Hemisphere winter snow anomalies: ENSO, NAO and the winter of 2009/10. Geophysical Research Letters 37-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043830

Thiéblemont, R., Matthes, K., Omrani, N., Kodera, K., Hansen, F. 2015: Solar forcing synchronizes decadal North Atlantic climate variability. Nature Communications 6-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9268

Veselinović, D., Kovačević, D., Rajšić, S., Vukmirović, Z., Djordjević, D., Stanković, S., Stanković, A. 2001. The metal amounts in ice stalagmite of “ice cave” snow and water at Durmitor mountains (Yugoslavia). Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology 2-1.

Wang, C. Z., Liu, H., Lee, S. K. 2010: The record-breaking cold temperatures during the winter of 2009/2010 in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric Science Letters 11-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.278

Woodward, J. (ed.) 2009: The physical geography of the Mediterranean. Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268030.001.0001

Zhang, W., Mei, H., Geng, X. 2018: A Nonstationary ENSO–NAO Relationship Due to AMO Modulation. Journal of Climate 32-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0365.1

Zharkova, V. 2020: Modern Grand Solar Minimum will lead to terrestrial cooling. Temperature 7-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.1796243

https://doi.org/10.1080/23328940.2020.17962432020.1796243