Sudanske migracije in ciljne države: Motivacijski dejavniki in vloga spola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/2024.2.11Ključne besede:
vloge spolov, gospodinjstva, dejavniki odbijanja, nakazila, sudanska migracijaPovzetek
Avtor v prispevku obravnava sudanske migracije, ciljne države, motivacijske dejavnike in vlogo spola. V obdobju 2020–2021, med pandemijo bolezni COVID-19, je izvedel spletno raziskavo z uporabo kvalitativnih in kvantitativnih metod, katere izsledki kažejo, da sta bila glavna razloga za migracije pomanjkanje delovnih mest in nizke plače. Drugi dejavniki, ki so vplivali na migracije, so bili želja po uspehu, korupcija in potrata časa v državnih institucijah. Glavni cilj ekonomskih migracij so bile države Arabskega zaliva, sledile pa so evropske države. Vse več žensk kljub kulturnim omejitvam in tradiciji vidi migracijo kot sredstvo za izvajanje projektov za pomoč drugim. Ugotovitve kažejo, da so pri sudanskih migracijah prevladovali mladi, ne glede na vrsto migracije. Denarna nakazila so imela večji pozitivni učinek na posamezna gospodinjstva kot na državo na splošno.
Prenosi
Literatura
Abdalla, F. M., Omar, M. A., & Badr, E. E. (2016). Contribution of Sudanese medical diaspora to the healthcare delivery system in Sudan: Exploring options and barriers. Human Resources for Health, 14(1), 28.
Abuova, A., Baigabylov, N., Abdikakimov, M., Aubakirova, S., & Assylkhanova, G. (2024). Social-Economic Integration of Kazakh Migrants in Turkey. Dve domovini / Two Homelands, 59. https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/twohomelands/article/view/13676
Abusharaf, R. M. (1997). Sudanese migration to the new world: Socio-economic characteristics. International Migration, 35(4), 513–536.
Abu-Agla, A., Yousif, N., & Badr, E. (2013, November). Understanding the labor market of human resources for health in Sudan (World Health Organization Working Paper). https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/health-workforce/hlm/understanding-the-labour-market-of-hrh-in-sudan-2013.pdf?sfvrsn=4469e49d_3
Akuei, S. R. (2005). Sudan country study. ESRC Centre on Migration.
Ali, Z. (2006). How many doctors do we need in Sudan? Sudan J Public Health, 1(3), 180–191.
Alipio, C. (2019). Lives Lived in “Someone Else’s Hands”: Precarity and Profit-making of Migrants and Left-behind Children in the Philippines. Trans: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia, 7(1), 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1017/trn.2019.6
Anderson Adzei, F., & K. Sakyi, E. (2014). Drivers of return migration of Ghanaian health professionals: Perspectives from doctors and nurses in urban Ghana. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 10(2), 102–120.
Assal, M. (2010). Highly skilled Sudanese migrants: Gain or drain? (CARIM Analytic and Synthetic Notes 2010/13). Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute. http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/13450
Ayalew, T., Adugna, F., & Deshingkar, P. (2018). Social embeddedness of human smuggling in East Africa: Brokering Ethiopian migration to Sudan. African Human Mobility Review, 4(3), 1333–1358.
Azizi, S. (2018). The impacts of workers’ remittances on human capital and labor supply in developing countries. Economic Modelling, 75, 377–396.
Badri, A. Y., & elAzab, S. (2013). Social network among Sudanese and Egyptian migrants in Saudi Arabia. Sociology Study, 3(7).
Bidwell, P., Humphries, N., Dicker, P., Thomas, S., Normand, C., & Brugha, R. (2013). The national and international implications of a decade of doctor migration in the Irish context. Health Policy, 110(1), 29–38.
Birks, J. S., & Sinclair, C. A. (1980). International migration and development in the Arab region. International Labour Office.
Bush, A. A., Amechi, M., & Persky, A. (2020). Qualitative research in pharmacy education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(3), 334–344.
Campbell, A. C. (2020). “Giving back” to one’s country following an international higher education scholarship: Comparing in-country and expatriate alumni perceptions of engagement in a social and economic change in Moldova. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 50(4), 573–591.
Cavanagh, S. (1997). Content analysis: Concepts, methods, and applications. Nurse Researcher, 4(3), 5–16.
Chiswick, B. R. (2005, September). High-Skilled Immigration in the International Arena (IZA Discussion Paper No. 1782). SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.826389
Dako-Gyeke, M. (2016). Exploring the migration intentions of Ghanaian youth: A qualitative study. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 17, 723–744.
Durand, J., & Massey, D. S. (1992). Mexican migration to the United States: A critical review. Latin American Research Review, 27(2), 3–42.
Elnur, I. (2002). The Second Boat of Africa’s New Diaspora: Looking at the Other Side of the Global Divide with an Emphasis on Sudan. African Issues, 30(1), 37–41.
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115.
Galal-Al-Din, M. E. (1988). Sudanese Migration to the Oil-Producing Arab Countries. O’Neil and O’Brien, Economy and Class in Sudan Hants, England: Aldershot.
GAO. (1996, September). General accounting office, content analysis: A methodology for structuring and analyzing written material. https://www.gao.gov/products/pemd-10.3.1
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004). Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: Concepts, procedures, and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24(2), 105–112.
Guthrie, J., Petty, R., Yongvanich, K., & Ricceri, F. (2004). Using content analysis as a research method to inquire into intellectual capital reporting. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(2), 282–293.
Jack, A. E. (2010). “Education is my mother and father”: The “invisible” women of Sudan. Refuge, 27, 19.
Koc, I., & Onan, I. (2004). International Migrants’ Remittances and Welfare Status of the Left-Behind Families in Turkey. International Migration Review, 38(1), 78–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00189.x
Kyngas, H., & Vanhanen, L. (1999). Content analysis (Finnish). Hoitotiede, 11, 3–12.
Latvala, E., Janhonen, S., & Moring, J. (2000). Passive patients: A challenge to psychiatric nurses. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 36(1), 24–32.
Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
Maglad, N. A. (1998, March). Female labor supply in Sudan (African Economic Research Consortium Special Paper 30). https://idl-bnc-drc.dspacedirect.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/6f589ea1-b4bd-4a9c-94e2-9fb0955d18ec/content
Malik, S. I. (2017). Identity, citizenship and ‘home’ through the transnational perspective(s) of second-generation Sudanese migrants in Qatar. Diaspora Studies, 10(2), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/09739572.2017.1324384
Marchand, K., Roosen, I., Reinold, J., & Siegel, M. (2017). Irregular Migration from and in the East and Horn of Africa. Maastricht Grduate School of Governance. https://www.merit.unu.edu/publications/uploads/1496241719.pdf
Massey, D. S., Alarcón, R., Durand, J., & González, H. (1990). Return to Aztlan: The social process of international migration from western Mexico (Vol. 1). Univ of California Press.
McKay, D. (2003). Cultivating new local futures: Remittance economies and land-use patterns in Ifugao, Philippines. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 34(2), 285–306.
McKay, D. (2005). Reading remittance landscapes: Female migration and agricultural transition in the Philippines. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography, 105(1), 89–99.
Morse, J. M., & Field, P.-A. (1995). Nursing research: The application of qualitative approaches. Nelson Thornes.
Norris, P., & Inglehart, R. F. (2012). Muslim Integration into Western Cultures: Between Origins and Destinations. Political Studies, 60(2), 228–251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2012.00951.x
Nour, S. S. O. M. (2011a, June 2). Assessment of the Gender Gap in Sudan (UNU-MERIT Working Paper, 2011–004). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1856543
Nour, S. S. O. M. (2011b, October 26). Labour Market and Unemployment in Sudan. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1949171
Oishi, N. (2002, March). Gender and Migration: An Integrative Approach (CCIS Working Paper 49). https://ccis.ucsd.edu/_files/wp49.pdf
Özden, Ç., & Phillips, D. (2015, February). What really is Brain Drain? Location of Birth, Education, and. Migration Dynamics of African Doctors (KNOMAD Working Paper 4). https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2017-05/Knomad%20Working%20Paper%204%20Brain%20Drain%20African%20Doctors.pdf
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Richlen, L. (2023). Imported conflict? Regime change in Sudan as a trigger for unity amongst Sudanese in Israel. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(11), 2896–2913. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2021.1970518
Robson, P. (1993). The new regionalism and developing countries. J. Common Mkt. Stud., 31, 329.
Rodriguez, E. R. (1998). International migration and income distribution in the Philippines. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46(2), 329–350.
Rushing, R. (2006). Migration and Sexual Exploitation in Vietnam. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 15(4), 471–494. https://doi.org/10.1177/011719680601500403
Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18(2), 179–183.
Serra Mingot, E. (2020). The gendered burden of transnational care-receiving: Sudanese families across The Netherlands, the UK and Sudan. Gender, Place & Culture, 27(4), 546–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2019.1611546
Serra Mingot, E. (2022). “Moving on” with gendered aspirations: Sudanese migrants navigating controlling welfare states, labor markets, and migration regimes in the Netherlands and the UK. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 45(5), 875–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1900585
Singleton Jr., R., Straits, B. C., Straits, M. M., & McAllister, R. J. (1988). Approaches to social research. Oxford University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1988-97382-000
Steel, G. (2021). Going global–going digital. Diaspora networks and female online entrepreneurship in Khartoum, Sudan. Geoforum, 120, 22–29.
Stemler, S. (2000). An overview of content analysis. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 7(1), 17.
The World Bank. (2022). Population ages 65 and above, total - World. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO?locations=1W
Trager, L. (1984). Family strategies and the migration of women: Migrants to Dagupan City, Philippines. International Migration Review, 18(4), 1264–1277.
Uddin, I. O., Ori, O. E., & Igbokwe, E. M. (2023). Patterns of international migration among rural households in Edo state, Nigeria. Geoadria, 28(1), 25–42.
Vižintin, M. A. (2022). The role of teachers in the successful integration and intercultural education of migrant children. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Vujadinović, S., Šabić, D., Joksimović, M., Golić, R., Živković, L., & Gatarić, D. (2013). Asylum Seekers from Serbia and the Problems of Returnees: Why Serbia is among the World’s Leading Countries in Number of Asylum Seekers. Dve domovini / Two Homelands, 37. https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/twohomelands/article/view/10875
Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis (Vol. 49). Sage.
Wilson, V. A. (1998). Qualitative Research: An Introduction. Purposes, Methodology, Criteria for Judgment, and a Rationale for Mixed Methodology (ERIC Report). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED423285
Wilkins, S., & Epps, A. (2011). Student evaluation websites as potential sources of consumer information in the United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(5), 410–422.
World Bank Open Data. (n.d.). World Bank Open Data. Retrieved 18 June 2024. https://data.worldbank.org
WorldData. (2023a). Asylum applications and refugees from the Congo. WorldData.info. https://www.worlddata.info/africa/congo-kinshasa/asylum.php
WorldData. (2023b). Asylum applications and refugees from Eritrea. WorldData.info. https://www.worlddata.info/africa/eritrea/asylum.php
WorldData. (2023c). Asylum applications and refugees in Ethiopia. WorldData.info. https://www.worlddata.info/africa/ethiopia/asylum.php
WorldData. (2023d). Asylum applications and refugees from Somalia. WorldData.info. https://www.worlddata.info/africa/somalia/asylum.php
WorldData. (2023e). Asylum applications and refugees from Sudan. WorldData.info. https://www.worlddata.info/africa/sudan/asylum.php#:~:text=38%2C408%20people%20from%20Sudan%20fled,in%20Kenya%20and%20in%20Libya
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki