Nadzor migracijskih gibanj in migrantov: pogled v zgodovino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/dd.2016.1.03Ključne besede:
nadzor nad migracijami, svoboda izseljevanja, migracijska politika, migracijski režim, socialna državaPovzetek
Prispevek je oris nadzora migracij in migrantov od 18. stoletja do prve svetovne vojne, s poudarki na prelomnicah in značilnostih posameznih zgodovinskih faz. Uvodoma predstavlja nadzorne kriterije predmodernega absolutizma, ki si je prizadeval obvladovati migracijska gibanja in jih izkoristiti za krepitev centralne države. Sledi prikaz uveljavljanja liberalnega odnosa do migracij, ki mu je pot odprla francoska revolucija. Ta je v 19. stoletju in obdobju do prve svetovne vojne privedel do režima svobodnih notranjih in meddržavnih migracij, prepuščenih zakonitostim proste ekonomije in mednarodnega delovnega trga. Sledita opisa protekcionizma in intervencionizma, ki sta nastopila po prvi svetovni vojni, ko so države okrepile nadzorne sisteme in z njihovo pomočjo posegale v upravljanje migracij skladno s svojimi nacionalnimi interesi.
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