The Power of Authorities, Interpretations, and Songs: The Discourse of Authenticity in the Latvian Folklore Revival

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2023520203

Keywords:

folklore revivals, non-democratic states, authority, ancientness, creativity, contemporary spirituality

Abstract

This is a collaborative study on how, and by whom, the discourse of folklore authenticity was developed in Latvia in the 1970s–1980s and how it affected and still affects the Latvian folklore revival and post-revival practices. Influential positions and vital discussions have arisen in search of meaningful (authentic) folklore practices, such as honouring an unattainable ideal and practicing political resistance, creative ancientness, and spiritual empowerment.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anderson, Leon. 2006. Analytic Autoethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 35 (4): 373–395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241605280449.

Atvars, G. 1981. Partijas teorētiskā doma – drošs mākslinieciskās daiļrades kompass. Cīņa, 5 February, 2–3.

Atvars, G. 1983. Kā atrast “sinkrēto vērtību veselumu”. Cīņa, 27 January, 2–3.

Bendix, Regina. 1997. In Search of Authenticity: The Formation of Folklore Studies. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.

Bendorfs, Vilis. 1978. Vārds un Darbs 3/4: 26–29.

Bendorfs, Vilis. 1979. Drusciņ skarbāks stāstījums par trim braucieniem. Vārds un Darbs 2: 24–28.

Bendorfs, Vilis. 2021. Es nedevu nevienam savu dziesmu sarežģīt. Rīga: Zinātne.

Bērziņš, Ludis. 1924. Senā tautas dziedāšana. Latvis, 9 April, 4.

Bithell, Caroline and Juniper Hill, eds. 2014. The Oxford Handbook of Music Revival. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199765034.001.0001.

Bithell, Caroline and Juniper Hill. 2014. An Introduction to Music Revival as Concept, Cultural Process, and Medium of Change. In The Oxford Handbook of Music Revival, eds. Caroline Bithell and Juniper Hill, 3–42. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199765034.013.019.

Boiko, Martin. 2001. The Latvian Folk Music Movement in the 1980s and 1990s: From “Authenticity” to “Postfolklore” and Onwards. The World of Music 43 (2/3): 113–118.

Bowman, Marion. 2014. Vernacular Religion, Contemporary Spirituality and Emergent Identities. Lessons from Lauri Honko. Approaching Religion 4 (1): 101–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30664/ar.67542.

Bula, Dace. 2011. Ceļi, kas nekrustojās: Jāzeps Rudzītis un starptautiskā folkloristika 20. gs. otrajā pusē. Letonica 21: 19–38.

Čaklā, Inta. 1981. Folkloras svētki Rēzeknē. Literatūra un Māksla, 2 October, 14.

Cherkasov, Petr. 2005. The Twilight of the Brezhnev Era. Russian Politics & Law 43 (6): 76–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611940.2005.11066978.

Claviez, Thomas, Kornelia Imesch, and Britta Sweers. 2020. Introduction. In Critique of Authenticity, eds. Thomas Claviez, Kornelia Imesch, and Britta Sweers, vii–xix. Vernon Press.

Dambrāns, B. 1984. Par avotu tīrību. Cīņa, 15 December, 3.

Davies, Stephen. 1991. The Ontology of Musical Works and the Authenticity of their Performances. Noûs 25 (1): 21–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2216091.

Eversone, Madara. 2016. Latvijas Padomju Rakstnieku savienības izveide un organizācijas struktūra (1940–1969) – I. Jaunā Gaita 286.

Feinberg, Joseph Grim. 2018. The Paradox of Authenticity: Folklore Performance in Post-Communist Slovakia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Grazian, David. 2019. Demystifying Authenticity in the Sociology of Culture. In Handbook of Cultural Sociology, eds. John R. Hall, Laura Grindstaff, and Ming-Cheng Lo, 191–200. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315267784.

Grīnvalde, Rita. 2021. Latvian Folklorists in Late Socialism: Within the Workplace. Letonica 42: 30–59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35539/LTNC.2021.0043.R.G.30.58.

Grīnvalde, Rita. 2022. Krišjāņa Barona jubilejas latviešu folkloristikā. Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā. Rakstu krājums 27: 154–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.014.

Grudule, L. 1989. Vieta, kur dvēseli attīrīt. Padomju Jaunatne, Nr. 175, 4.

Hanegraaff, Wouter J. 1999. New Age Spiritualities as Secular Religion: A Historian’s Perspective. Social Compass 46 (2): 145–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003776899046002004.

Hayano, David M. 1979. Auto-Ethnography: Paradigms, Problems, and Prospects. Human Organization 38 (1): 99–104.

Jurjāns, Andrejs. 1980. Latviešu tautas mūzika. In Jurjānu Andrejs. Raksti, ed. Laima Mūrniece, 17–24. Rīga: Liesma.

Kalpiņš, Voldemārs. 1957. Latviešu mākslas un literatūras dekāde Maskavā, ed. A. Smuškevičs. Rīga: Latvijas Valsts izdevniecība.

Ķencis, Toms. 2019. Vācot padomju folkloru. LFK krājums. II. Rīga: LU Literatūras, folkloras un mākslas institūts.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 1978. Mūzikas folklora un mēs. Literatūra un Māksla, 24 November, 12–13.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 1979. Kā dzīvot tautas mūzikai. Dzimtenes Balss, 4 January, 6–7.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 1981. Folkloriskais. Mākslinieciskais. Literatūra un Māksla, 30 October, 15.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 1982. Jurjānu Andreja gads. Dzimtenes Balss, 7 January, 3.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 1988. Folklora un dejas. Literatūra un Māksla, 22 April, 4–6, 29 April, 11–12.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 2002. The Latvian Neo-folklore Movement and the Political Changes of the Late 20th Century. The World of Music 44 (3): 107–130.

Klotiņš, Arnolds. 2008. Atskats folkloras kustībā. Letonica 17: 95–122.

Kokare, Elza. 1982. Folklora šodienai. Cīņa, 22 June, 3, 24 June, 3.

Krišmane, Sarmīte. 2012. Spēka dziesmas, ed. I. Ančevska. Ventspils: Latviskās dzīvesziņas biedrība Latve.

Krogzeme, L. 1996. Latvisko zināšanu latvietim nevaru būt par daudz. Pavalstnieks 9, 5.

Latvija Šodien. 1982. Pretestības kustība Latvijā 1981. gadā. Latvija Šodien, 1 October, 116–118.

Melngailis, Emilis. 1924. Koklētājs Korāts. Jaunākās Ziņas, 5 April, 3.

Moore, Allan. 2002. Authenticity as Authentication. Popular Music 21 (2): 209–223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261143002002131.

Muktupāvels, Valdis. 2000. On Some Relations between Kokles Styles and Contexts in the Twentieth Century. Journal of Baltic Studies 31 (4): 388–405.

Muktupāvels, Valdis. 2011. The ‘Dangerous’ Folksongs: The Neofolklore Movement of Occupied Latvia in the 1980s. In Popular Music and Human Rights, Volume II: World Music, ed. Ian Peddie, 73–90. Farnham UK: Ashgate Press.

Muktupāvels, Valdis. 2020. The Role of Historical and Ethnographical Sources in the Bagpipe Revival in the Baltics. Traditiones 49 (2): 7–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2020490201.

O’Connor, Kevin. 2003. The History of the Baltic States. Westport, Connecticut, London: Greenwood Press.

Olson, Laura J. 2004. Performing Russia: Folk Revival and Russian Identity. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203317570.

Plakans, Andrejs. 1971. The Latvian National Awakening: Modernization of an Intellectual Milieu. Bulletin of Baltic Studies 2 (2): 9–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01629777100000131.

Plakans, Andrejs. 2011. A Concise History of the Baltic States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975370.

Plutte, Vilis. 1896. Katalogs latviešu etnogrāfiskai izstādei pa 10. arheoloģiskā kongresa laiku Rīgā, 1896. g. Rīga: Kalniņš un Deičmanis.

Raipulis, Jēkabs. 2006. Latvijas augstskolu “Inteliģences grupas” likvidēšana 1973. gadā. Latvijas Universitātes Raksti 693: 38–43.

Ramans, Ģederts. 1978. Apgarots radošs darbs – tautai. Literatūra un Māksla, 10 March, 4–5.

Smith, Anthony D. 1996. Culture, Community and Territory: The Politics of Ethnicity and Nationalism. International Affairs 72 (3): 445–458.

Sneibe, Zaiga. 1978. Folkloristu zinātniskā sesija un folkloras pēcpusdien. Vārds un Darbs 3/4: 22–25.

Speers, Laura. 2017. Hip-Hop Authenticity and the London Scene: Living Out Authenticity in Popular Music. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315661049.

Stalts, Dainis and Helmī Stalte. 1989. Vēstule tautas brāļiem un māsām ASV un Kanādā. Latvija Šodien, 1 November, 17–18.

Stavělová, Daniela and Theresa Jill Buckland, eds. 2018. Folklore Revival Movements in Europe post 1950: Shifting Contexts and Perspectives. Prague: Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

Stinkule, Sanita, ed. 2016. Latviešu etnogrāfiskā izstāde 1896. // 1896. Latvian Ethnographic Exhibition. Rīga: Neputns.

Šmidchens, Guntis. 2014. The Power of Song. Nonviolent National Culture in the Baltic Singing Revolution. Seattle, London: University of Washington Press.

Tompson, William J. 2014. The Soviet Union under Brezhnev. Seminar Studies in History. London, New York: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315840055.

Unknown. 1896. Uzvedumi iz Latviešu tautas dzīves. Baltijas Vēstnesis, 24 August.

Zālīte, Indulis. 1998. Radošā inteliģence – VDK kontroles objekts un propagandas ierocis (70., 80. gadu atspoguļojums VDK dokumentos). Latvijas Vēsture 3 (31): 55–61.

Zemzaris, Imants. 1987. Vidū “Iļģi”. Avots, 1 June, 41–43.

Audio recordings

Latviešu folklora. Alsunga. Melodija, 1981. M30 42327 8.

Latviešu tautas instrumentālā mūzika. Melodija, 1984. M32 45535 001.

Latvijas PSR muzikālā folklora. Melodija, 1986. M30 46913 005.

Lībiešu folklora. Melodija, 1981. M30 42905 6.

Skandinieki. Senie balsi. Latviešu tautas instrumentāla mūzika. Melodija, 1982. C32 16487 8.

Internet sources

Draguna. Agita. 2019. Facebook. 19 December 2019. https://www.facebook.com/groups/464302517470882/posts/464303757470758/?comment_id=464739660760501 (accessed 26.1.2023).

Dzimtene sauc jeb Kāzas Alsungā, 1935. See, Hear Latvia! Digital archive of audiovisual, photo and audio documents of the Latvian State Archives of Audiovisual Documents. https://www.redzidzirdilatviju.lv/lv/search/161030?q=LNA_KFFDA_F194_1_634 (accessed 5.4.2023).

Jurkovskis, Valdis. Facebook. 19 December 2019. https://www.facebook.com/groups/464302517470882/posts/464307524137048/?comment_id=464832574084543&reply_comment_id=464915727409561 (accessed 26.1.2023).

Krišmane. 2015. @VentspilsVideo. Youtube (video). 13 January 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InHk87iVqOk (accessed 26.1.2023).

Latviešu kāzas Nīcā, 1931. See, Hear Latvia! Digital archive of audiovisual, photo and audio documents of the Latvian State Archives of Audiovisual Documents. https://www.redzidzirdilatviju.lv/lv/search/160958?q=LNA_KFFDA_F194_1_557 (accessed 5.4.2023).

Lemhena, Linda. 2019. Facebook. 21 December 2019. https://www.facebook.com/groups/464302517470882/posts/464311154136685/?comment_id=465991320635335 (accessed 26.1.2023).

Muižniece, Inese. 2019a. Facebook. 18 November 2019. https://www.facebook.com/groups/464302517470882 (accessed 26.1.2023).

Muižniece, Inese. 2019b. Facebook. 19 December 2019. https://www.facebook.com/groups/464302517470882/posts/464311154136685/ (accessed 26.1.2023).

Downloads

Published

02.12.2023

How to Cite

Weaver, I., Muktupāvels, V., Grīnvalde, R., Lielbārdis, A., Ābele, I. V., & Jaudzema, J. (2023). The Power of Authorities, Interpretations, and Songs: The Discourse of Authenticity in the Latvian Folklore Revival. Traditiones, 52(2), 47–68. https://doi.org/10.3986/Traditio2023520203

Issue

Section

Folklora: spomini, politike, dediščinjenje / Folklore: Memories, Politics, Heritagisation