Newton, nedosegljivo bistvo teles, teološki voluntarizem in zakoni narave
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/fv.41.3.01Ključne besede:
Newton, nedosegljiva narava telesa, teološki voluntarizem, zakoni naravePovzetek
Isaac Newton večkrat zapiše misel, da je bistvo teles za človeško spoznanje nedosegljivo. V članku bom iskal odgovor na vprašanje, zakaj po Newtonu niti naše čutnozaznavno spoznavanje teles niti nobena refleksivna, miselna dejavnost ne omogoča, da bi lahko prišli do spoznanja njihovega bistva ali narave, kar pomeni, da je to omejeno na njihovo pojavnost. Odgovor na to vprašanje predstavlja Newtonov teološki voluntarizem, ki ga je v izrecni navezavi na problematiko narave teles v polnosti prvič razvil v rokopisu O težkosti (De gravitatione). Newtonov Bog bi lahko ustvaril bivajoče stvari (entia), ki bi bile na pojavni ravni popolnoma istovetne telesom, vendar po svoji metafizični in bistveni konstituciji ne bi bile telesa. Newtonov teološki voluntarizem ima tudi druge daljnosežne epistemološke posledice, kot je ta, da lahko Bog po svoji volji svobodno spreminja zakone narave.
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