Proti biopolitiki onstran življenja in smrti: virus, življenje in smrt
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/fv.42.1.09Ključne besede:
Giorgio Agamben, biopolitika, virus, geontomoč, nevladljiv, ne-človeški, Elizabeth Povinelli, Donna Haraway, Ghassan HagePovzetek
Z analizo prispevka Giorgia Agambena o ukrepih italijanske vlade v prvem valu epidemije virusa COVID-19 avtorja trdita, da COVID-19 predstavlja meje klasične logike biopolitične in tanatopolitične analize; zahteva nov konceptualni okvir. Izbruh COVID-19 je primer zoontične globalizacije, v kateri je človeška vrsta kot biološki in geološki akter le ena izmed mnogih vrst, ki vplivajo na biološke in geološke procese na Zemlji in tako predstavlja izziv humanističnim konceptualizacijam politike. Tu je vloga človeka decentralizirana, ker virus misliva kot enega izmed akterjev, ki vplivajo na vladanje v politični sferi. Trdiva, da je virus epitom nevladljivega – entiteta ali široko zastavjen zgodovinski izziv, ki ne more biti podvržen obstoječim načinom vladanja – ker obstaja v mejnem prostoru in se nahaja med ontološkimi izvori dominantnega načina vladanja: bios (življenja) ter geos (neživljenja), ter jim predstavlja izziv zgolj s tem, da obstaja. Črpajoč iz del Ghassana Hagea, Nilsa Bubandta, Elizabeth Povinelli in Donne Haraway, prevprašujeva meje biopolitike in diagnosticirava teoretske probleme, ki izvirajo iz delitev: narava vs. kultura, življenje vs. neživljenje, zakoreninjenih v obstoječih socialno-političnih paradigmah. Raje kot da bi podala dokončni odgovor o vlogi virusa kot ne-človeškega akterja v politični sferi, zastavljava vprašanja, zakaj in kako je pomemben.
Prenosi
Literatura
Adamski, Aleksandar, “I Respectfully Disagree with Agamben’ (Slavoj Žižek on COVID-19)”, Contemporary Humanism, 14 September 2020, https://www.contemporaryhumanism.net/i-respectfully-disagree-with-agamben-slavoj-zizek-on-covid-19-aleksander-adamski/.
Agamben, Giorgio, Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans. D. Heller Roazen, Stanford, CA, Stanford University Press, 1998.
Agamben, Giorgio, State of Exception, trans. K. Attell, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Aradau, Claudia, and Rens Van Munster, “Governing Terrorism Through Risk: Taking Precautions, (un)Knowing the Future”, European Journal of International Relations, 13 (1/2007), pp. 89–115, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354066107074290.
Arendt, Hannah, and Jerome Kohn, Thinking without a Banister: Essays in Understanding, 1953-1975. 1st ed., New York, Schocken Books 2018.
Bargués-Pedreny, Pol, and Jessica Schmidt, “Learning to Be Postmodern in an All Too Modern World: ‘Whatever Action’ in International Climate Change Imaginaries”, Global Society, 33 (1/2019), pp. 45–65, https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2018.1539952.
Beck, Ulrich, Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity, London and Newbury Park, CA, Sage Publications, 1992.
Bhatia, Mrigesh, “COVID-19 and BAME Group in the United Kingdom”, The International Journal of Community and Social Development, 2 (2/2020), pp. 269–72, https://doi.org/10.1177/2516602620937878.
Bonneuil, Christophe, and Jean-Baptiste Fressoz, The Shock of the Anthropocene: The Earth, History, and Us, London, Brooklyn, NY, Verso, 2016.
Braidotti, Rosi, “Posthuman, All Too Human: Towards a New Process Ontology”, Theory, Culture & Society, 23 (7–8/2006), pp. 197–208, https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276406069232.
Braidoti, Rosi, The Posthuman, Cambridge and Malden, MA, Polity Press, 2013.
Bubandt, Nils, “Haunted Geologies, Spirits, Stones, and the Necropolitics of the Anthropocene”, in Tsing et al. (eds.), Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet: Ghosts of the Anthropocene, Minneapolis and London, The University of Minnesota Press, 2017, pp. 121–43.
Caldwell, Christopher, “Opinion: Meet the Philosopher Who Is Trying to Explain the Pandemic”, The New York Times, 21 August 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/21/opinion/sunday/giorgio-agamben-philosophy-coronavirus.html.
Chakrabarty, Dipesh, “The Climate of History: Four Theses”, Critical Inquiry 35 (2/2009), pp. 197–222, https://doi.org/10.1086/596640.
Chandler, David, “A World without Causation: Big Data and the Coming of Age of Posthumanism”, Millennium 43 (3/2015), pp. 833–51, https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829815576817.
Chandler, David, “Beyond Neoliberalism: Resilience, the New Art of Governing Complexity”, Resilience, 2 (1/2014), pp. 47–63, https://doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2013.878544.
Chandler, David, and Jon Coaffee (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of International Resilience, London and New York, Routledge, 2017.
Connolly, William E., “The ‘New Materialism’ and the Fragility of Things”, Millennium, 41 (3/2013), pp. 399–412, https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829813486849.
“Coronavirus and Philosophers.” European Journal of Psychoanalysis, n.d., https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/coronavirus-and-philosophers/.
Corry, Olaf, “Securitisation and ‘Riskification’: Second-Order Security and the Politics of Climate Change”, Millennium, 40 (2/2012), pp. 235–58, https://doi.org/10.1177/0305829811419444.
Dalby, Simon, “Biopolitics and Climate Security in the Anthropocene”, Geoforum, 49 (2013), pp. 184–192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.06.013.
Drisdelle, Rosemary, Parasites: Tales of Humanity’s Most Unwelcome Guests, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2010.
Dunn Cavelty, Myriam, Mareile Kaufmann, and Kristian Søby Kristensen, “Resilience and (in)Security: Practices, Subjects, Temporalities”, Security Dialogue, 46 (1/2015), pp. 3–14, https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010614559637.
El-Khatib, Ziad, Graeme Brendon Jacobs, George Mondinde Ikomey, and Ujjwal Neogi, “The Disproportionate Effect of COVID-19 Mortality on Ethnic Minorities: Genetics or Health Inequalities?”, EClinicalMedicine, 23 (2020), p. 100430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100430.
Finney, Stanley C., and Lucy E. Edwards, “The ‘Anthropocene’ Epoch: Scientific Decision or Political Statement?”, GSA Today, 26 (3/2016), pp. 4–10, https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG270A.1.
Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. A. Sheridan, New York, Vintage Books, 1995.
Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality Volume 1: An Introduction, trans. R. Hurley, Westminster, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group 2012, http://public.eblib.com/choice/PublicFullRecord.aspx?p=6084793.
Hage, Ghassan, Is Racism an Environmental Threat?, Malden, Polity, 2017.
Hamilton, Clive, Christophe Bonneuil, and François Gemenne (eds.), The Anthropocene and the Global Environmental Crisis, London and New York, Routledge, 2015.
Haraway, Donna Jeanne, Manifestly Haraway, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2016.
Haraway, Donna Jeanne, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham, Duke University Press, 2016.
Klein, Naomi, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, London, Penguin Books, 2008.
Lazzarato, Maurizio, “From Biopower to Biopolitics”, Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy 13 (2002), pp. 112–125.
Mbembe, Achille, trans. S. Corcoran, Necropolitics, Durham, Duke University Press 2019.
Povinelli, Elizabeth A., Geontologies: A Requiem to Late Liberalism, Durham, Duke University Press, 2016.
Povinelli, Elizabeth A., “The Rhetorics of Recognition in Geontopower”, Philosophy & Rhetoric, 48 (4/2015), pp. 428–442, https://doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.48.4.0428.
Povinelli, Elizabeth A., Mathew Coleman, and Kathryn Yusoff, “An Interview with Elizabeth Povinelli: Geontopower, Biopolitics and the Anthropocene”, Theory, Culture & Society, 34 (2–3/2017), pp. 169–185, https://doi.org/10.1177/0263276417689900.
Public Health England, Disparities in the Risk and Outcomes of COVID-19. no. GW-1447, London, Crown Copyright, 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/908434/Disparities_in_the_risk_and_outcomes_of_COVID_August_2020_update.pdf.
Qiu, Jane, “How China’s Bat Woman Hunted Down Viruses from SARS to the New Coronavirus”, Scientific American, 1 June 2020, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0620-24.
Rajeev Syal, “Structural Racism Led to Worse Covid Impact on BAME Groups – Report”, The Guardian, 27 October 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/27/structural-racism-led-to-worse-covid-impact-on-bame-groups-report.
Rancière, Jacques, Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics, trans. S. Corcoran, London and New York, Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.
Rancière, Jacques, Davide Panagia, and Rachel Bowlby, “Ten Theses on Politics”, Theory & Event, 5 (3/2001), pp. 1–10, https://doi.org/10.1353/tae.2001.0028.
Roy, Arundhati, Azadi: Freedom, Fascism, Fiction, Chicago, Haymarket Books 2020.
Štefe, Nataša, “Slavoj Žižek: Z muko bomo morali zgraditi drugačno normalnost”, Val 202, 20 March 2020, https://val202.rtvslo.si/2020/03/slavojzizek/.
Tidwell, Christy, “Monstrous Natures Within: Posthuman and New Materialist Ecohorror in Mira Grant’s ‘Parasite’”, Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, 21 (3/2014), pp. 538–549.
Tsing, Anna Lowenhaupt et al. (eds.), Arts of Living on a Damaged Planet, Minneapolis and London, University of Minnesota Press, 2017.
Vetlesen, Arne Johan, Cosmologies of the Anthropocene: Panpsychism, Animism, and the Limits of Posthumanism, London and New York, Routledge, 2019.
Villarreal, Luis P., “Are Viruses Alive?” Scientific American, 8 August 2008, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-viruses-alive-2004/.
“What’s the Difference between Bacteria and Viruses?” The University of Queensland Australia Institute for Molecular Science, 20 April 2020, https://imb.uq.edu.au/article/2020/04/difference-between-bacteria-and-viruses.
Yusoff, Kathryn, A Billion Black Anthropocenes or None, Minneapolis and London, University of Minnesota Press, 2018.
Žižek, Slavoj, Pandemic!: COVID-19 Shakes the World, New York and London, OR Books, 2020.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Verzije
- 2022-04-05 (2)
- 2021-12-31 (1)
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorji jamčijo, da je delo njihova avtorska stvaritev, da v njem niso kršene avtorske pravice tretjih oseb ali kake druge pravice. V primeru zahtevkov tretjih oseb se avtorji zavezujejo, da bodo varovali interese založnika ter da bodo povrnili morebitno škodo.
Podrobneje v rubriki: Prispevki
