The Development of the Breed Concept and Cattle Classification in 19th-Century Carniola
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/fv.46.1.06Keywords:
breeds, classification, animal husbandry, cattle husbandry, agronomy, Carniolan agricultural society, farming expertsAbstract
The paper examines the development of the breed concept and the breed classification of cattle in Carniola in the 19th century. Both processes are explored through the analysis of archival and published printed sources. The paper considers the modern breed concept and the system of breed classification as a form of knowledge that legitimised itself through methods of observation and measurement, thus distancing itself from previous classification systems. Breeds were more precisely defined and standardized by agricultural experts through the publication of farming manuals. These manuals described the characteristics of selected existing breeds, established criteria for an animal’s belonging to a particular breed, and proposed breeding practices to preserve the breeds. The discussed classification system evolved and became established under the influence of economic interests driven by the state, agricultural societies, agricultural experts, and large-scale livestock breeders. These actors displaced earlier classification systems and shaped, as well as institutionalized, the understanding of selected breeds.
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