Dejavniki, ki vplivajo na podzemno vodo in njeno kroženje v kraškem masivu Mali me Gropa v osrednji Albaniji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v54i2.14389Ključne besede:
MMG karst massif, spring’s regime, effective precipitation, water resources, AlbaniaPovzetek
V Albaniji je 23 karbonatnih kraških območij s skupno površino 6.440 km2 ali 24 % ozemlja države. Kraški vodonosniki so najbogatejši v državi, s kraško vodo pa se oskrbuje približno 80 % prebivalcev mest. Eden izmed najzanimivejših kraških masivov v Albaniji se imenuje Mali me Gropa s skupno površino 157 km2. Ta je jedro tega članka. Čeprav je ta masiv z izjemnim razvojem površinskih kraških oblik (kraške jame, vrtače, požiralniki) ter z velikimi in visoko kakovostnimi viri podzemne vode pritegnil pozornost, še ni bil predmet celovite raziskave. V tem članku so prvič povzeti rezultati kombinacije specializiranih študij, kot so geomorfološka karakterizacija, analiza dolgoročnih opazovanj režima podzemne vode v povezavi z meteorološkimi podatki, študije vodnega ravnovesja z uporabo nedavno razvitega programa WaterbalANce, ocena kakovosti podzemne vode in njene spremenljivosti, določitev hitrosti toka podzemne vode s poskusom z umetnim sledilom ter uporaba hidrokemičnih podatkov in podatkov o iztoku podzemne vode, za določitev vzorcev toka podzemne vode in občutljivosti izvirske vode na onesnaženje. Rezultati raziskav, izvedenih z več metodami in na kraškem masivu Mali me Gropa bodo podlaga za prihodnje raziskave številnih karbonatnih kraških območij v Albaniji. Zadnji pomembni cilj tega članka je ozaveščanje javnosti o ranljivosti kraških voda in nujnosti zaščite povezanega ekosistema, zlasti zdaj, ko je kraški masiv Mali me Gropa v središču pozornosti zaradi razvoja turizma.
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