Speleogeneza žveplove kisline v Grčiji
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/ac.v53i2-3.13668Ključne besede:
speleogeneza žveplene kisline, Grčija, hidrotermalni kras, hipogene jame, jamska mineralogijaPovzetek
žveplove kisline, dokumentirani v več jamah na območjih zahodnega Peloponeza, Aghia Paraskevi, Konica, Elasona, Lavrion in Kamena Vourla v Grčiji. Karbonatne in sulfatne vzorce, zbrane v jamah na območjih zahodnega Peloponeza in Aghia Paraskevi, smo raziskali z metodami, kot so študija z vključevanjem tekočin, vrstična elektronska mikroskopija, stabilni izotopi ogljika, žvepla in kisika, rentgenska praškovna difrakcija in kemijska analiza. Proučevane jame so nastale večinoma na gladini lokalne podtalnice ali v njeni bližini ter so povezane s hidrotermalnimi izviri in geotermalnimi polji. Poleg dokumentiranja speleogeneze žveplove kisline v eni študiji primera z območja Aghia Paraskevi kalcitni spar z vrhom temperature homogenizacije pri 280°C kaže na zgodnjo speleogenetsko stopnjo, ki vključuje hidrotermalne meteorne tekočine v globokem okolju. Izotopska sestava žvepla v sulfatih (–4 ‰) kaže na oksidacijo pirita. Jame Konica so sistem, ki se je razvil na več nadmorskih višinah in je povezan z razvojem reke Sarantaporos. Jame na zahodnem Peloponezu so v dveh geotektonskih enotah. Vendar so jame v obeh enotah aktivne in imajo skupne značilnosti, na primer vse nastale blizu morske gladine, imajo podobno morfologijo in prelomni vzorec, poleg tega je v vseh sadra z vrednostmi δ34S (povprečno –26 ‰), ki so verjetno povezane z ogljikovodiki in aktivnostjo bakterij. Morfološki in geokemijski vidiki jam v teh dveh regijah kažejo na dolgotrajne, speleogenetske sisteme, ki so se razvijali v več fazah.
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