Vegetation succession in extensive abandoned tall-trunk cherry orchards: a case study on Kaňk Mountain near Kutná Hora (Czech Republic)
Keywords:
vegetation succession, abandonment, extensive tall-trunk orchards, arable soil, medieval ore extractionAbstract
Extensive tall-trunk orchards, a component of the central European landscape since the Middle Ages, form a biotope to which a number of plant and animal species are bound that are rare in other habitats. For these reasons, extensive tall-trunk orchards are interesting with regard to nature conservation. Once the management of these low-productivity vegetation sites ceases, the habitat is threatened by successive overgrowth by shrub vegetation. Taking abandoned tall-trunk cherry orchards with dry/mesophilous grassland undergrowth in the locality of Kaňk as an example, the degree of colonization of orchards by woody species and differences in the composition of vegetation cover in different time periods after abandonment were monitored. The results showed that the cover of cherry trees in orchards abandoned before 1990 was approximately 30% lower than that in orchards abandoned after 2000, and the cover of the herb layer was approximately 60% lower. The species diversity of orchards abandoned before 1990 was statistically significantly lower than that of orchards abandoned after 2000. The total cover of all species in habitat in areas of medieval ore extraction was approximately 50% lower than that in land originally used for farming.
Downloads
References
Agnoletti, M. 2014: Rural landscape, nature conservation and culture: some notes on research trends and management approaches from a (southern) European perspective. Landscape and Urban Planning 126: 66-73.
Antrop, M. 2005: Why landscapes of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban Planning 70: 21-34.
Benayas, J. M. R., Martins, A., Nicolau, J. M. & Schulz, J. J. 2007: Abandonment of agricultural land: an overview of drivers and consequences. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources 2(057): 1-14.
Benjamin, K., Domon, G. & Bouchard, A. 2005: Vegetation composition and succession of abandoned farmland: effects of ecological, historical and spatial factors. Landscape Ecology 20: 627-647.
Bičík, I., Jeleček, L., Kabrda, J., Kupková, L., Lipský, Z., Mareš, P., Šefrna, L., Štych, P. & Winklerová, J. 2010: Vývoj využití ploch v Česku. Česká geografická společnost, Praha, 251 pp.
Blab, J. 1993: Grundlagen des Biotopschutzes für Tiere. Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz 24: 1-479.
Bürgi, M., Östlund, L. & Mladenoff, D. J. 2017: Legacy Effects of Human Land Use: Ecosystems as Time-Lagged Systems. Ecosystems. 20: 94-103.
Cramer, V. A. & Hobbs, R. J. (eds.) 2007: Old fields. Dynamics and restoration of abandoned farmland. Island Press, Washington, 352 pp.
Debussche, M. & Lepart, J. 1992: Establishment of woody plants in Mediterranean old fields: opportunity in space and time. Landscape Ecology 6: 133-145.
Debussche, M., Escarré, J. & Lepart, J. 1982: Ornitochory and plant succession in Mediterranean abandoned orchards. Vegetation 48: 255-266.
Duchoslav, M. 2009: Flóra a vegetace přírodní památky Chraštická stráň na Chrudimsku. Východočeský sborník přírodovědný: Práce a studie 16: 111-132.
Forejt, M., Skaloš, J., Pereponova, A., Plieninger, T., Vojta, J. & Šantrůčková, M. 2017: Changes and continuity of wood-pastures in the lowland landscape in Czechia. Applied Geography 79: 235-244.
Heubes, J., Retzer, V., Schmidtlein, S. & Beierkuhnlein, C. 2011: Historical land use explains current distribution of calcareous grassland species. Folia Geobotanica 46: 1-16.
Horák, J. & Hejcman, M. 2013: Use of Trace Elements from Historical Mining for Alluvial Sediment Dating. Soil and Water Research 8(2): 77-86.
Horák, J. & Hejcman, M. 2016a: 800 years of mining and smelting in Kutná Hora region (the Czech Republic) – spatial and multivariate meta-analysis of contamination studies. Journal of Soils and Sediments 16(5): 1584-1598.
Horák, J. & Hejcman, M. 2016b: Contamination Characteristics of the Confluence of Polluted and Unpolluted Rivers – Range and Spatial Distribution of Contaminants of a Significant Mining Centre (Kutná Hora, Czech Republic). Soil and Water Research 11(4): 235-243.
Horák, J., Peltanová, A., Podavková, A., Šafářová, L., Bogusch, P., Romportl, D. & Zasadil, P. 2013: Biodiversity responses to land use in traditional fruit orchards of a rural agricultural landscape. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 178: 71-77.
Horák, J. & Šafářová, L. 2010: Výskyt saranče vrzavé (Psophus stridulus L. – Orthoptera: Acrididae) v podhůří Orlických hor s poznámkami k výskytu v Pardubickém kraji. Acta Musei Richnoviensis Sect. Nat. 17(1): 10-14.
Jensen, C., Vorren, K. D., Eilertsen, S. M. & Samuelsen, R. 2001: Successionary stages of formerly cultivated grassland in northern Norway, abandoned for 10, 20 and 35 years. Nordic Journal of Botany 21(3): 305-320.
Jordano, P. 1994: Spatial and temporal variation variation in the avian-frugivore assemblage of Prunus mahaleb: patterns and consequences. Oikos 71: 479-491.
Kajtoch, L. 2017: The importance of traditional orchards for breeding birds: The preliminary study on Central European example. Acta Oecologica 78: 5360.
Kay, S., Crous-Duran, J., García de Jalón, S., Graves, A., Palma, J. H. N., Roces-Díaz, J. V., Szerencsits, E., Weibel, R. & Herzog, F. 2018: Landscape-scale modelling of agroforestry ecosystems services in Swiss orchards: a methodological approach. Landscape Ecology 33: 1633-1644.
Kubát, K., Hrouda, L., Chrtek, J. jun., Kaplan, Z., Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (eds.) 2002: Klíč ke květeně České republiky. Academia, Praha, 928 pp.
Lange, S. 1993: Die Bedeutung des Biotops Streuobstwiesen aus der Sicht des Arten- und Biotopschutzes sowie der Landschaftsplanung am Beispiel des Stadtgebietes Halle/Saale. Berich. Landesamt für Umweltschutz Sachsen-Anhalt 13: 32-36.
Maděra, P. et al. 2014: Czech villages in Romanian Banat: landscape, nature, and culture. Mendel University, Brno, 348 pp.
McCollin, D., Moore, L. & Sparks, T. 2000: The flora of a cultural landscape: environmental determinants of change revealed using archival sources. Biological Conservation 92(2): 249-263.
Mikyška, R. et al. 1968: Geobotanická mapa ČSSR 1. České země. Academia, Praha, 204 pp.
Mikyška, R. et al. 1972: Geobotanická mapa ČSSR. 1. České země. Academia, Praha, mapová část.
Milton, S. J., Dean, W. R. J. & Klotz, S. 1997: Thicket formation in abandoned fruit orchards: processes and implications for the conservation of semi-dry grasslands in Central Germany. Biodiversity and Conservation 6: 275-290.
Neuhäuslová, Z.et al. 2001: Mapa potenciální přirozené vegetace České republiky. Academia, Praha, 341 pp.
Osbornová, J., Kovářová, M., Lepš, J. & Prach, K. (eds.) 1990: Succession in abandoned fields. Studies in Central Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 168 pp.
Pielou, E. C. 1966: The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 13: 131-144.
Quitt, E. 1971: Klimatické oblasti Československa. Studia geographica 16: 1-170.
Reck, H. R. 1993: Spezieller Artenschutz und Biotopschutz: Zielarten als Naturschutzstrategie und ihre Bedeutung als Indikatoren bei der Beurteilung der Gefährdung von Biotopen. Schriftenreihe für Landschaftspflege und Naturschutz 38: 159-178.
Skaloš, J., Weber, M., Lipský, Z., Trpáková, I., Šantrůčková, M., Uhlířová, L. & Kukla, P. 2011: Using old military survey maps and orthophotograph maps to analyse long-term land cover changes – Case study (Czech Republic). Applied Geography 31: 426-438.
Šantrůčková, M., Dostálek, J. & Demková, K. 2015: Assessing long-term spatial changes of natural habitats using old maps and archival sources: a case study from Central Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation 24: 1899-1916.
Špulerová, J., Piscová, V., Gerhátová, K., Bača, A., Kalivoda, H. & Kanka, R. 2015: Orchards as traces of traditional agricultural landscape in Slovakia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 199: 67-76.
Špulerová, J., Petrovič, F., Mederly, P., Mojses, M. & Izakovičová, Z. 2018: Contribution of Traditional Farming to Ecosystem Services Provision: Case Studies from Slovakia. Land 7(2): 1-24.
Ter Braak, C. J. F. & Šmilauer, P. 2002: CANOCO Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User’s Guide: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4.5.). Microcomputer Power, Ithaca, New York, 500 pp.
Tomášek, M. 2000: Půdy České republiky. Český geologický ústav, Praha, 67 pp.
Ustaoglu, E. & Collier, M. J. 2018: Farmland abandonment in Europe: an overview of drivers consequences, and assessment of the sustainability implications. Environmental Reviews 26(4): 396-416.
Vačkář, D., Chobot, K. & Orlitová, E. 2012: Spatial relationship between human population density, land use intensity and biodiversity in the Czech Republic. Landscape Ecology 27(9): 1279-1290.
Verburg, P. H. & Overmars, K. P. 2009: Combining top-down and bottom-up dynamics in land use modelling: exploring the future of abandoned farmlands in Europe with the Dyna-CLUE model. Landscape Ecology 24: 1167-1181.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors guarantee that the work is their own original creation and does not infringe any statutory or common-law copyright or any proprietary right of any third party. In case of claims by third parties, authors commit their self to defend the interests of the publisher, and shall cover any potential costs.
More in: Submission chapter
