Jugoslovanski jedrski program v kontekstu hladne vojne (1948–1971)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/fv.46.1.08Ključne besede:
hladna vojna, ideologija, znanost, jugoslovanski jedrski programPovzetek
Po koncu druge svetovne vojne se je Jugoslavija oprla na sovjetsko ideološko pojmovanje družbe kot ideal za vsa življenjska področja, tudi za znanost. V skladu s tem naj bi znanstveno delo v državi potekalo plansko, centralizirano in opredeljeno s partijsko linijo. Po sporu z ZSSR leta 1948 se je Jugoslavija zlasti sprva geopolitično močno naslonila na zahodni blok. To je privedlo do oblikovanja novega državnega sistema »socialističnega samoupravljanja«, pa tudi do razmaha novih diskurzivnih in organizacijskih trendov v jugoslovanski znanosti, ki so bili združljivi z določenimi elementi pogleda na znanost kot avtonomen sistem – kar je prevladujoča predstava o znanosti na Zahodu. Predstavili bomo razvoj jugoslovanskega jedrskega programa v obdobju med letoma 1948 in 1971. Kljub spremembam, ki so se v državi zaradi geopolitičnega premika zgodile na področju organizacije znanosti in znanstvenega diskurza, bomo pokazali, da je bila zastavljena organizacija jedrskega programa še zmeraj pretežno skladna s sovjetskim modelom. Šele ko je jedrski program začel izgubljati politični pomen, se je usmeril k večji avtonomiji, kar je pomenilo večjo osredotočenost na investicijsko učinkovitost, tj. omejitev neposrednih vlaganj in nadzora države. Naš cilj je analiza delovanja dveh prevladujočih pogledov na znanost v času hladne vojne v kontekstu geopolitičnih in družbeno-gospodarskih procesov v (pol)perifernem jugoslovanskem socialističnem sistemu ter njunega odkritega in prikritega učinkovanja na primeru jedrskega programa.
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