Sir Gawain in Zeleni vitez: ne ravno viteška ljubezenska zgodba
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3986/pkn.v42.i3.12Ključne besede:
angleška književnost, srednjeveška književnost, viteško pesništvo, Sir Gawain in Zeleni vitez, ljubezen, viteštvo, kavalirstvoPovzetek
Angleška srednjeveška ljubezenska pesnitev Sir Gawain in Zeleni vitez je edinstvena ne le po obliki, vsebini in zgradbi, temveč tudi po pesnikovi spretni rabi konvencij, v kateri se poigrava z bralčevimi pričakovanji tako, da uvaja prvine, ki naredijo pesnitev čudovito dvoumno in jo umeščajo v področje, kjer se – nejasno razmejeni – prekrivata realnost in fikcija. Čeprav pesnitev na prvi pogled slavi moč in čistost kavalirstva in viteštva, ju v resnici podvrže subtilni kritiki in komentiranju njunega neuspeha v resničnem življenju zunaj dvora. To je še posebej očitno, ko simboliko pesnitve ter njenega junaka in družbo, iz katere izhaja, beremo v zgodovinskem kontekstu, tj. kot odraz dejanskega srednjeveškega življenja. V skladu s tem je mogoče pesnitev Sir Gawain in Zeleni vitez brati kot besedilo, ki kavalirstvo in viteštvo bolj kot z odkrito naklonjenostjo časti s komentarjem na njuno postopno razblinjanje, saj gre za čas, ko je prihodnost na zunaj sijočega, v resnici pa načetega kraljestva, njegovih vladarjev in družbe ob dejanjih vse prej kot brezmadežnih krščanskih vitezov videti precej temačna.Literatura
Andrew, Malcolm and Ronald Waldron, eds. The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript in Modern English Prose Translation: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.
Bennett, Michael J. “The Historical Background.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 71–90.
Benson, Larry D. “Art and Tradition in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 23–34.
Bloomfield. Morton W. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Appraisal.” PMLA 76.1 (1961). 7–19. Brewer, Derek. A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999.
Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. London: Fontana Press, HarperCollins Publishers, 1993.
Coss, Peter R. The Knight in Medieval England, 1000–1400. Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: Combined Books, 1996.
Friedman, Albert B., and Richard H. Osberg. “Gawain’s Girdle as Traditional Symbol.” The Journal of American Folklore 90.357 (1977). 301–315.
Fulton, Helen, ed. A Companion to Arthurian Literature. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
Fox, Denton, ed. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968.
Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: The Folio Society, 1969.
Gies, Joseph, and Frances Gies. Life in a Medieval Castle. New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
Hardman, Phillipa. “Gawain’s Practice of Piety in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” Medium Aevum 68.2 (1999). 247–267.
Howard, Donald R. “Structure and Symmetry in Sir Gawain.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 44–56.
Jakovlјević, Mladen. “Magija, pagansko i hrišćansko u Ser Gavejnu i Zelenom vitezu.” Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Prištini 48.2 (2018). 209–228.
Jakovljević, Mladen, and Mirjana Lončar-Vujnović. “Medievalism in Contemporary Fantasy: A New Species of Romance.” Imago Temporis: Medium Aevum 10 (2016). 97–116.
Kieckhefer, Richard. Magic in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Kinney, Clare. R. “The Best Book of Romance: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” University of Toronto Quarterly 59.4 (1990). 457–473.
Lacy, Michael. “Armour I.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 165–173.
Malarkey, Stoddard, and J. Barre Toelken. “Gawain and the Green Girdle.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 63.1 (1964). 14–20.
Mathew, Gervase. “Ideals of Knighthood in Late-Fourteenth-Century England.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 68–72.
Pearsall, Derek. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Essay in Enigma.” The Chaucer Review 46 (2011). 248–258.
Rider, Jeff. “The Other Worlds of Romance.” The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Romance. Ed. Roberta L. Krueger. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 115–131.
Spearing, A. C. “Poetic Identity.” A Companion to the Gawain Poet. Ed. Derek Brewer. Cambridge: Boydel & Brewer, 1999. 35–51.
Thorpe, Lewis. “Introduction.” Geoffrey of Monmouth. The History of the Kings of Britain. Trans. Lewis Thorpe. London: The Folio Society, 1969. 9–30.
Tolkien, J. R. R. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. London: HarperCollins Publishers, 2006.
Tolkien, J. R. R. and E. V. Gordon, eds. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967 (1993). Available at: Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse, University of Michigan. http://name.umdl.umich.edu/Gawain.
Whiting, B. J. “Gawain: His Reputation, His Courtesy, and His Appearance in Chaucer’s ‘Squire’s Tale’.” Twentieth Century Interpretations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. Denton Fox. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1968. 73–78.
